Analysis of interlaminar fracture toughness and damage mechanisms in composite laminates reinforced with sprayed multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Almuhammadi, Khaled; Alfano, Marco; Yang, Yang; Lubineau, Gilles

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.081

Cited by 99 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, the high glass fiber volume fraction (>0.60) within the composite reduces the free space between glass fibers, which is, in a cross-section of glass fiber bundles, approximately 7-10 lm, as also found in other studies. 60 Hence, the glass fiber can restrict long CNTs/CNFs from migrating with the resin transverse to the fibers, leading to high concentration of filler in the interlayer. Based on the increased toughness of the composites with nanofillers added to the interlayer region, it appears that dense concentrations of CNTs and CNFs trapped in between the glass fibers on the fracture plane inhibit delamination onset and propagation.…”

Section: Ilft Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 Indeed, the mass fraction of nanofiller in the zone of crack propagation can be significantly affected by the manufacturing process. 60 In detail, the ''true'' or ''local'' CNF mass fraction has been estimated considering initially the amount of nanofilled resin used to manufacture the interlayer (i.e. &14 g, before consolidation), leading to an initial interlayer thickness, named as T 0 ranging from 120 to 140 lm.…”

Section: Ilft Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nanofiller length and orientation distributions on Mode I fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber composites

Menna

Bakis

Prota

2015

Journal of Composite Materials

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Although several experiments demonstrate a statistical variability of length and orientation of nanofillers in composites, a limited number of analytical studies include these effects in the prediction of fracture energy, particularly in composites containing micro-sized continuous fibers together with nano-sized fillers such as carbon nanotubes. In this investigation, we model the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber composites containing carbon nanotubes with known length and orientation distributions. A micromechanical model, based on an analytical framework developed for ''classical'' short fiber composites, is presented to quantify the enhancement of fracture toughness due to either carbon nanotube pullout from the matrix or carbon nanotube fracture. The results show remarkable differences compared to the models that utilize a unique (average) carbon nanotube length value, especially with regard to maximum achievable energy enhancement, depending on mean length and on interfacial shear strength between carbon nanotubes and matrix. Some key characteristics of the carbon nanotube statistical length distribution are also analyzed along with the limit of mean carbon nanotube length between the two competing mechanisms of toughening. The analytical framework is also supported by Mode I fracture toughness experiments conducted on nanofilled S2-glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites. The inclusion of experimentally determined distributions of carbon nanotube lengths in the presented model led to good estimations of the effect of carbon nanotubes on the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. Comparable results were obtained for carbon nanofibers, as well.

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Section: Ilft Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ilft Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanofiller length and orientation distributions on Mode I fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber composites

Menna

Bakis

Prota

2015

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Almuhammadi et al fabricated 16-ply unidirectional CFRP laminates using a MWCNTs-liquid solution sprayed onto carbon fiber composite prepreg plies. They found a 17% increase in mode I fracture toughness by incorporating 0.5 wt% COOH-MWCNTs [30]. To our knowledge, the use of COOH-MWCNTs has never before been studied for improving mode I fracture toughness of unidirectional CFRP composites fabricated using a hand-layup technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of CFRP Laminates Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2015

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates exhibit limited fracture toughness due to characteristic interlaminar fiber-matrix cracking and delamination. In this article, we demonstrate that the fracture toughness of CFRP laminates can be improved by the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Experimental investigations and numerical modeling were performed to determine the effects of using MWCNTs in CFRP laminates. The CFRP specimens were produced using an epoxy nanocomposite matrix reinforced with carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs). Four MWCNTs contents of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% per weight of the epoxy resin/hardener mixture were examined. Double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed to determine the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of the unidirectional CFRP composites. This composite material property was quantified using the critical energy release rate, GIC. The experimental results show a 25%, 20%, and 17% increase in the maximum interlaminar fracture toughness of the CFRP composites with the addition of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% MWCNTs, respectively. Microstructural investigations using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verify that chemical reactions took place between the COOH-MWCNTs and the epoxy resin, supporting the improvements experimentally observed in the interlaminar fracture toughness

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“…As a result, various types of nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been included in epoxies in an attempt to enhance their toughness [3][4][5]. Indeed, CNTs have been widely used to enhance the fracture response of FRP under modes I and II fracture [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of graphene nanoplatelets on modes I, II and III interlaminar fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced polymer composites

Ahmadi-Moghadam

Taheri‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

2015

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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Analysis of interlaminar fracture toughness and damage mechanisms in composite laminates reinforced with sprayed multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 99 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of nanofiller length and orientation distributions on Mode I fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber composites

Effect of nanofiller length and orientation distributions on Mode I fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber composites

Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of CFRP Laminates Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Influence of graphene nanoplatelets on modes I, II and III interlaminar fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced polymer composites

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