Analysis of kresoxim‐methyl and its thermolabile metabolites in Korean plum: An application of pepper leaf matrix as a protectant for GC amenable metabolites

Rahman, Md. Musfiqur; Park, Jong-Hyouk; El‐Aty, A. M. Abd; Choi, Jeong‐Heui; Cho, Soon‐Kil; Yang, Angel; Park, Ki Hun

doi:10.1002/jssc.201200618

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the present study, we optimized the pepper leaf matrix again (Fig. ) for alachlor response to the GC‐MSD after leaf matrix was prepared according to our previous work (Rahman et al ., ), and 0.5 g/mL pepper leaf extract was found as the most effective analyte protectant without any interference with alachlor in SIM mode. Therefore, 0.5 g/mL extract was added to the alachlor as a protectant before injection, which provided a sharp peak with excellent sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This may be due to the difference of liner, column component, and the use of a highly sensitive microelectron capture detector, because the liner size, design and column dimensions can play important roles in decreasing the number of active sites (Maštovska et al ., ). In our early studies, we noticed that pepper leaf matrix can effectively deactivate the active sites inside the GC system and help the compounds (terbufoxon sulfoxide, terbufos sulfoxide and BF 490–2, BF 490–9) to travel from the injector to the detector via the capillary column without any undesired interaction (Rahman et al ., , ). In the case of BF 490–2 and BF 490–9, an optimized amount of pepper leaf extract (0.25 g/mL) was added as an analyte protectant before injection to the GC‐μECD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of alachlor residues in pepper and pepper leaf using gas chromatography and confirmed via mass spectrometry with matrix protection

Rahman

Sharma

Park

et al. 2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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Alachlor residues were determined in pepper and pepper leaf, after 49 days of manufacturer-recommended single- and double-dose application to the soil and plant. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with n-hexane, and purified through solid-phase extraction, and finally detected with a gas chromatography-microelectron capture detector. The linearity of the analytical response across the studied range of concentrations (0.05-4.0 µg/mL) was excellent, obtaining coefficients of determination (r(2) ) of 0.999. Recovery studies were carried out on spiked pepper and pepper leaf samples, at two concentrations levels (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg), with three replicates performed at each level. Mean recoveries of 73.1-109.0% with relative standard deviations of 1.3-2.3% were obtained. The method was successfully applied to field samples, and alachlor residue was found in pepper (0.02 mg/kg) and pepper leaf (0.03 mg/kg), at levels lower than the maximum residue limits (0.2 mg/kg) set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The field-detected residues were further confirmed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the help of pepper leaf matrix protection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of alachlor residues in pepper and pepper leaf using gas chromatography and confirmed via mass spectrometry with matrix protection

Rahman

Sharma

Park

et al. 2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…We initially tried to analyze both compounds by GC-ECD; however, the sensitivity for tetraconazole was poor, and peak tailing was observed (data not shown). Thereafter, we improved the sensitivity and peak sharpness by using a pepper leaf matrix as an analyte protectant (Rahman et al, 2013). Although the sensitivity improved, overlapping peaks were noticed near the tetraconazole retention time when using the pepper leaf components (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction method for detection of fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using gas chromatography and confirmation using GC‐MS: application to dissipation kinetics

Park

et al. 2014

Biomedical Chromatography

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The aim of this study was to establish an analytical method to detect fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography (GC). The optimal extraction conditions for SFE were: temperature, 60 °C; pressure, 280 kg/cm(2) ; extraction time, 50 min; and a 10% modifier ratio. The linearity of the calibration curves was good and yielded a determination coefficient (R(2) ) ≥ 0.995. The soil samples were fortified with known quantities of the analytes at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 µg/g for fluquinconazole; 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g for tetraconazole), and the recoveries ranged between 83.7 and 94.1%. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.3-10.6 and 2.2-11.9% for fluquinconazole and tetraconazole, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.002 and 0.01 µg/g for fluquinconazole and 0.01 and 0.05 for tetraconazole, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of soil residues collected from an onion field. The results show that a combination of SFE and GC can be used as an environmentally friendly technique to detect fungicides in soil.

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“…Since QuEChERS d-SPE cleanup provides less clean extracts, many modifications have been used to adapt the methodology to traditional detectors particularly in the cleanup step [4, 29,31,32]. SPE is one of the most popular techniques used in sample preparation before analysis with traditional detectors [47,75,76].…”

Section: Matrix Interference and Matrix Effects (Enhancement/suppressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, QuEChERS sample preparation is suitable for MS detectors, as it provides lower-purity extracts [27]. At the same time, it has also been found to be applicable with some traditional detectors, such as an electron-capture detector (ECD), flame photometric detector (FPD), and nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) for GC, and a diode array detector (DAD) and UV detector for HPLC after major modification [4, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to review the methodologies and highlight both the drawbacks of QuECh-ERS with traditional detectors and approaches to overcome them in the field of pesticide residue analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach for pesticide residue analysis using traditional detectors in chromatography: A review

Rahman

El‐Aty

Kim

et al. 2016

J of Separation Science

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In pesticide residue analysis, relatively low-sensitivity traditional detectors, such as UV, diode array, electron-capture, flame photometric, and nitrogen-phosphorus detectors, have been used following classical sample preparation (liquid-liquid extraction and open glass column cleanup); however, the extraction method is laborious, time-consuming, and requires large volumes of toxic organic solvents. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method was introduced in 2003 and coupled with selective and sensitive mass detectors to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Compared to traditional detectors, mass spectrometers are still far more expensive and not available in most modestly equipped laboratories, owing to maintenance and cost-related issues. Even available, traditional detectors are still being used for analysis of residues in agricultural commodities. It is widely known that the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method is incompatible with conventional detectors owing to matrix complexity and low sensitivity. Therefore, modifications using column/cartridge-based solid-phase extraction instead of dispersive solid-phase extraction for cleanup have been applied in most cases to compensate and enable the adaptation of the extraction method to conventional detectors. In gas chromatography, the matrix enhancement effect of some analytes has been observed, which lowers the limit of detection and, therefore, enables gas chromatography to be compatible with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method. For liquid chromatography with a UV detector, a combination of column/cartridge-based solid-phase extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction was found to reduce the matrix interference and increase the sensitivity. A suitable double-layer column/cartridge-based solid-phase extraction might be the perfect solution, instead of a time-consuming combination of column/cartridge-based solid-phase extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction. Therefore, replacing dispersive solid-phase extraction with column/cartridge-based solid-phase extraction in the cleanup step can make the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method compatible with traditional detectors for more sensitive, effective, and green analysis.

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Analysis of kresoxim‐methyl and its thermolabile metabolites in Korean plum: An application of pepper leaf matrix as a protectant for GC amenable metabolites

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Determination of alachlor residues in pepper and pepper leaf using gas chromatography and confirmed via mass spectrometry with matrix protection

Determination of alachlor residues in pepper and pepper leaf using gas chromatography and confirmed via mass spectrometry with matrix protection

Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction method for detection of fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using gas chromatography and confirmation using GC‐MS: application to dissipation kinetics

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach for pesticide residue analysis using traditional detectors in chromatography: A review

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