Analysis of low-molar-mass materials in commercial rubber samples by Soxhlet and headspace extractions followed by GC–MS analysis

Delaunay, Nathalie; Wielen, F.W.M. van der; Voogt, P. de; Erlandsson, B.; Schoenmakers, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2004.03.025

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Mixtures of low-molecular weight compounds extracted from samples of commercial rubber were shown by GC-MS analysis to contain small hydrocarbon fragments -evidence of polymer chain scission (Delaunay-Bertoncini et al, 2004).…”

Section: Using Voc Analysis To Understand Polymer Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers and volatiles: Using VOC analysis for the conservation of plastic and rubber objects

Curran

Strlič

2014

Studies in Conservation

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There is an acknowledged need for improved conservation of plastic and rubber objects within collections, including improved methods of condition assessment, material identification, and better understanding of material degradation. This reflects the inherent instability and wide-ranging formulations of many such objects and also the relative lack of knowledge in this field. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a useful method for understanding the chemical processes involved in polymer degradation and for the identification of materials. Conservators and curators have used odor analysis to identify historical plastics for many years, and techniques ranging from acid detection strips to laboratory-based techniques such as solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used to characterize plastic and rubber materials and to understand their degradation. VOC analysis also has potential as a technique for bulk material identification, as a complementary tool to spectroscopic analysis of the surface. A significant advantage of VOC analysis is its potential to be non-invasive, avoiding destructive sampling or even contact with an object. However, there is a greater potential for VOC analysis to be of benefit within conservation than is currently being exploited and significant scope for future research. In fields such as construction or waste management, there is also significant research into analysis of VOC emissions from plastic and rubber materials. The goal of this paper is to systematically review research from a range of fields including conservation, polymer degradation, and plastics recycling and it includes the use of VOC analysis to understand the causes of damage to plastic and rubber objects, to provide evidence of degradation and to monitor degradation progress, and to identify materials and distinguish between different formulations. Summaries of relevant studies are given, and volatile markers of object damage and polymer degradation and key volatile identifiers of a particular material are highlighted.

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Section: Using Voc Analysis To Understand Polymer Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers and volatiles: Using VOC analysis for the conservation of plastic and rubber objects

Curran

Strlič

2014

Studies in Conservation

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“…However, this methodology requires large extraction times and quantities of solvents. The solvents more used are methanol [7,8], etano [9,10], n-hexane [7,11], petroleum ether [12], toluene, chloroform [13], benzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, acetone, isooctane, cyclohexane [14], isopropanol [15], and water (for comparison only). Soxhlet method is based on the separation of a specific fraction from several food or plant materials with the use of a polar solvent depending on the solubility characteristic of the target compounds and the physicochemical nature of source, which can determine the surface contact and diffusivity of the solvent into the samples.…”

Section: Soxhlet Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compound Recovery from Grape Fruit and By- Products: An Overview of Extraction Methods

Castro-López¹,

Rojas²,

Sánchez-Alejo³

et al. 2016

Grape and Wine Biotechnology

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Phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds having beneficial effects on human health. Because of their biological properties, they have wide applications on pharmaceutical and food industries, and for this reason, it is important to identify most appropriate procedures, which permits the standardization for recovery of these compounds from several plant materials including grapes. Grape fruit and by-products are excellent sources of bioactive compounds such as pigments, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. Several convectional and emerging technologies have been evaluated in order to recover phenolic compounds from grape fruits and wastes such as chemical, physical, and biotechnological techniques, which offer different advantages related to economic, environmental, time-saving, and yield aspects. Nowadays, there is no updated information, which provides an overview about the techniques applied of these bioactive compound recovery in order to obtain high-quality and high-activity extracts rich in phenolic compounds from grape fruit and by-products. This chapter offers relevant aspects related to the techniques employed during the last five years by researches for phenolic compound recovery from grapes.

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“…[7][8][9][10] Furthermore, excessive antioxidants would aggregate on the surface of rubbers, resulting in the decrease of mechanical strength and aging resistance of the rubbers. [10][11][12] In order to eliminate the shortcoming of low molecular weight antioxidants, predecessors had put forward a variety of approaches, such as enlarging the molecular weight of antioxidant, graing the antioxidant onto the rubber molecular chains and graing the antioxidant onto the ller. [13][14][15][16][17] Among these methods, graing the antioxidants onto the llers is the optimal way to gain the anti-migratory efficiency antioxidants with less damage on the performance of the rubbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of graphene-based antioxidants to promote anti-thermal properties of styrene-butadiene rubber

Zhou

Wei

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Analysis of low-molar-mass materials in commercial rubber samples by Soxhlet and headspace extractions followed by GC–MS analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Polymers and volatiles: Using VOC analysis for the conservation of plastic and rubber objects

Polymers and volatiles: Using VOC analysis for the conservation of plastic and rubber objects

Phenolic Compound Recovery from Grape Fruit and By- Products: An Overview of Extraction Methods

The synthesis of graphene-based antioxidants to promote anti-thermal properties of styrene-butadiene rubber

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