Analysis of Low-Power Boilers Work on Real Heat Loads: A Case of Poland

Abstract

The paper presents the methods of determination of the actual operation of solid fuel heating boilers in Poland. The analysis was based on an average annual distribution of the actual power outputs of the solid fuel heating boilers operated in four selected locations in Poland. Based on said data, three characteristic percent shares have been estimated of the nominal power outputs, at which the heating boilers in Poland operate throughout the year (divided into four characteristic portions—the seasons of the year). Additionally, for the analysis, the authors took into account the average annual temperature amplitude and the annual air quality information for the discussed locations and analyzed 30 solid fuel heating boilers in terms of their performance in the laboratory certification tests. In the final stage of the investigations, the authors initiated laboratory tests on the application of the combustion quality analyzers and their potential benefits.

Effect of Hard Coal Combustion in Water Steam Environment on Chemical Composition of Exhaust Gases

“…These results provide a proper premise for an application approach to the implementation of this technology in mass-produced heating boilers. On the basis of previously carried out studies [13][14][15], solid fuel heating boilers in Poland operate with an average annual power under 30% of the rated power, which results in poor air quality in Poland during the heating period, and at the same time provides a basis for implementation of the tested technology. For such operating parameters (the most common ones), an algorithm was made to supply water vapor to reduce the emission of harmful substances.…”

“…Such an algorithm could be based on information about the exhaust gas temperature and the temperature inside the combustion/afterburning chamber. A similar control system based on the analysis of exhaust gas temperature and oxygen content in the exhaust gas to reduce harmful substances and minimize the amount of fuel burned has been researched in the articles [13][14][15].…”

“…Currently, research is also being conducted on the factual operation of heating boilers, with special attention paid to the problem of lowering the amount of the emitted harmful substances. The implementation of the suggested solutions may contribute to reduced emissions [15].…”

Flue Gas Recirculation System for Biomass Heating Boilers—Research and Technical Applications for Reductions in Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emissions

“…In conclusion, the obtained research results for the industrial application of the authors' exhaust gas recirculation system for biomass heating boilers show the possibility of reducing the emissions of NO x and other harmful substances (CO and PM) and reducing the emission of waste heat in the form of hot flue gases, which, in the case of using this technology in boilers, should result in an increase in the efficiency of the device and also an improvement in air quality [32,36].…”

“…Flue gas recirculation is a primary method of nitrogen oxide reduction and is realized by returning some of the flue gas and reintroducing it to the flame area (the reduction in the emissions, particularly NO x , is commonplace; it is widely applied in the industry [28,32,33] and is analyzed both technically [34][35][36] and in its technological aspect [37,38]). In energy systems, this solution is referred to as FGR.…”