Analysis of &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma&lt;/i&gt; sequences from &lt;i&gt;Haemaphysalis flava&lt;/i&gt; (Acari: Ixodidae) and &lt;i&gt;Tabanus rufidens&lt;/i&gt; (Diptera: Tabanidae) collected in Ishikawa, Japan

Kobayashi, Daisuke; Faizah, Astri Nur; Amoa-Bosompem, Michael; Watanabe, Mamoru; Maekawa, Yoshihide; Hayashi, Toshihiko; Higa, Yukiko; Sawabe, Kyoko; Isawa, Haruhiko

doi:10.7601/mez.71.279

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previous reports revealed that horse and deer flies act as biological vectors of T. theileri [37][38][39]. However, only one previous report has suggested a horsefly species (Tabanus rufidens (Bigot, 1887)) as a potential T. theileri vector in Japan [40]. While we have not yet confirmed the biological vectors of T. theileri in Ezo sika deer and domestic cattle within the study area, T. theileri may be transmitted via horse flies, and the seasonal variation in the number of horseflies could affect the respective prevalence of T. theileri in Ezo sika deer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation and Factors Affecting Trypanosoma theileri Infection in Wild Sika Deer (Ezo Sika Deer Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Eastern Hokkaido

Hong,

Suganuma,

Ohari

et al. 2023

Animals

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Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) spp. are isolated from domestic and wild ruminants, including deer, worldwide. The prevalence of trypanosomes in mammals is influenced by a number of factors such as host age and vector abundance. However, the seasonal variation of and factors affecting trypanosome infection in the wild deer population remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal variation in trypanosome prevalence and the factors that affect Trypanosoma theileri Laveran, 1902, infection in wild sika deer (Ezo sika deer) Cervus nippon yesoensis (Heude, 1884) in Eastern Hokkaido through a two-year survey. Seasonal variation in the prevalence of trypanosome infection in the deer population ranged from 0 to 41% as per hematocrit concentration and 17 to 89% as per PCR results. In general, the prevalence of T. theileri by PCR in 2020 was higher than that in 2019. Moreover, the prevalence was significantly higher in the aged population than among the younger population. These findings may explain why individual conditions and sampling season were associated with trypanosome prevalence. This is the first study to investigate the seasonal variation in and risk factors affecting trypanosome infection in wild deer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation and Factors Affecting Trypanosoma theileri Infection in Wild Sika Deer (Ezo Sika Deer Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Eastern Hokkaido

Hong,

Suganuma,

Ohari

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…strain 17ISK-T2, Trypanosoma sp. strain 17ISK-T22 Questing (unfed) ticks [47] Japan Haemaphysalis hystricis Trypanosoma sp. Questing (unfed) ticks [48] South America Argentina Rhipicephalus microplus Trypanosoma rhipicephalis strain Chaco CB Ticks (engorged) collected on cattle [49] Brazil…”

Section: Ixodes Ricinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic evidence for a clade of tick-associated trypanosomes

et al. 2023

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Background Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites of vertebrates that are of medical and veterinary concern. A variety of blood-feeding invertebrates have been identified as vectors, but the role of ticks in trypanosome transmission remains unclear. Methods In this study, we undertook extensive molecular screening for the presence and genetic diversity of trypanosomes in field ticks. Results Examination of 1089 specimens belonging to 28 tick species from Europe and South America led to the identification of two new trypanosome strains. The prevalence may be as high as 4% in tick species such as the castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus, but we found no evidence of transovarial transmission. Further phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA, EF1-α, hsp60 and hsp85 gene sequences revealed that different tick species, originating from different continents, often harbour phylogenetically related trypanosome strains and species. Most tick-associated trypanosomes cluster in a monophyletic clade, the Trypanosoma pestanai clade, distinct from clades of trypanosomes associated with transmission by other blood-feeding invertebrates. Conclusions These observations suggest that ticks may be specific arthropod hosts for trypanosomes of the T. pestanai clade. Phylogenetic analyses provide further evidence that ticks may transmit these trypanosomes to a diversity of mammal species (including placental and marsupial species) on most continents. Graphical Abstract

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