Analysis of M-QAM Modulated Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System for Reconfigurable UOWSNs Employed in River Meets Ocean Scenario

Uppalapati, Ajay; Naik, Ramavath Prasad; Krishnan, Prabu

doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3037342

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The QAM modulator receives the input signals, in-phase, and quadrature-phase, before passing them on to the optical intensity modulator. 41 The QAM modulator's function is limited to electrical signals, whereas the optical intensity modulator's function is limited to optical signals. The underwater medium, which includes attenuation, geometrical losses, turbulence, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), has a significant influence on the signal as it travels down the channel and reaches the side of the receiver.…”

Section: Proposed System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 depicts the proposed system architecture for UOWC. The QAM modulator receives the input signals, in-phase, and quadrature-phase, before passing them on to the optical intensity modulator 41 . The QAM modulator’s function is limited to electrical signals, whereas the optical intensity modulator’s function is limited to optical signals.…”

Section: Uowc System With M-qammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity

Shukla,

Tripathi,

Prajapati

2024

Opt. Eng.

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Using M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), the bit error rate (BER) performance of an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system is examined in this research for a variety of water conditions, including a pure sea, clear ocean, coastal water, and a turbid harbor. Attenuation loss, geometrical loss in the case of a semi-collimated laser source, and turbulence, which affect underwater communication, have been taken into consideration for the first time. Taking into account geometrical and attenuation losses, the average BER for the newly proposed underwater channel was derived and expressed in closed form using the lognormal turbulence model. The effect of this underwater channel on coverage and reliability has been illustrated using simulations in MATLAB. With receiver diversity, efforts to enhance both range and reliability have been formulated and evaluated. Moreover, our results show that receiver diversity can improve performance defined in terms of reliability and range especially during weak turbulence, a 1 × 2 singleinput multiple-output transmission on a 30 m pure sea water link with a log-amplitude variance of 0.9, for instance, can result in a 5 m improvement at a BER of 10 −4 . The proposed system will aid the defence industry especially inter-submarines communication.

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Section: Proposed System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uowc System With M-qammentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity

Shukla,

Tripathi,

Prajapati

2024

Opt. Eng.

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“…In the experiments in this study, a multi-function water jet induces turbulence in the underwater channel. The attenuation effect depends on the characteristics of the underwater medium; these characteristics are deterministic constants obtained using the Beer-Lambert law for specific medium types, whereas the impact of turbulence on an optical beam has a random nature and can be obtained using the probabilistic expressions shown in [50]. The experimental setup is shown in figure 3.…”

Section: G Underwater Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes

2022

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Mobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain corrupted bits and thus reduce the errors in a channel. In this work, a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) (31, 16)-coded underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed to enhance the communication performance between power-efficient sensor nodes. The proposed BCH-coded system needs a reasonable amount of computing capability and is powered by a battery, enabling the node to have an onsite data processing unit and untethered communication. The encoder and decoder algorithms of the BCH code are implemented on the Embedded C software and coded to run on an Atmel ATmega128A microcontroller. The system's performance is evaluated by emulating the effects of scattering and absorption, noise due to surrounding and ambient light, turbidity, air bubbles, and turbulence in a natural underwater environment. Moreover, a 0.5 Mbps BCH-coded link achieves a 93.5% PSR, which is 6% better than that of the uncoded system, at a moderate turbidity level of 64 NTU, in the presence of weak turbulence (induced by a pump at a 2.5 L/min displacement rate) and air bubbles (generated by an aerating jet at an airflow rate of about 1.2 L/min).

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“…The effect of the turbulence on OOK modulated UWOC system was presented for different types of channel models with different probability density functions [24]. Recently, an analysis of M-QAM modulated UWOC system operating in gamma-gamma turbulence channel with attenuation effects was reported [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Optical Wireless Communication Links in Turbulent Underwater Channels With Wide Range of Water Parameters

Ata

Kiasaleh

2023

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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In this study, the performance of underwater optical wireless communication links is investigated by taking into account turbulence, absorption and scattering effects. Weak turbulent channel is modeled using log-normal distribution while moderate and strong turbulence channels are modeled using gamma-gamma distribution. Rytov variance of Gaussian beam is derived analytically for oceanic turbulence optical power spectrum. Subsequently, scintillation index is calculated using the computed Rytov variance. Moreover, the closed-form expression of bit-error-rate (BER) for underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems using intensitymodulated/direct detection (IM/DD) implementation and on-offkeying (OOK) modulation scheme is obtained. Results show that the performance of wireless optical communication link between two platforms in underwater medium is degraded significantly due to turbulence, absorption and scattering. In fact, as the turbulence level increases, its effect becomes quantitatively comparable to those of absorption and scattering effects. The variation of both scintillation index and BER performance are presented for various underwater medium and communication system parameters, such as chlorophyll concentration, average temperature, average salinity concentration, temperature and dissipation rates, wavelength, link length and receiver aperture size. Optical network and internet of underwater things (IoUT) applications, which are growing day by day and requiring high data rates, will benefit from the results of this study.

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Analysis of M-QAM Modulated Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System for Reconfigurable UOWSNs Employed in River Meets Ocean Scenario

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity

Analysis of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated underwater optical wireless communication system considering geometrical loss by laser, turbulence, and receiver diversity

Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes

Analysis of Optical Wireless Communication Links in Turbulent Underwater Channels With Wide Range of Water Parameters

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