Analysis of mainstream emissions, secondhand emissions and the environmental impact of IQOS waste: a systematic review on IQOS that accounts for data source

Abstract

ObjectiveTo highlight the general features of IQOS literature focusing on the chemical analysis of IQOS emissions.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched on 8 November 2021 using the terms ‘heated tobacco product’, ‘heat-not-burn’, ‘IQOS’ and ‘tobacco heating system’ with time restriction (2010–2021). The search yielded 5480 records.Study selectionRelevant publications on topics related to IQOS assessment were retrieved (n=341). Two reviewers worked separately and reached agreement by consensus.Data extractionData on author affiliation and funding, article type and date of publication were extracted. Publications were categorised depending on their focus and outcomes. Data on IQOS emissions from the chemical analysis category were extracted.Data synthesisOf the included publications, 25% were published by Philip Morris International (PMI) affiliates or PMI-funded studies. PMI-sponsored publications on emissions, toxicology assessments and health effects were comparable in number to those reported by independent research, in contrast to publications on IQOS use, market trends and regulation. Data on nicotine yield, carbonyl emissions, other mainstream emissions, secondhand emissions and IQOS waste were compared between data sources to highlight agreement or disagreement between PMI-sponsored and independent research.ConclusionsOur analysis showed agreement between the data sources on nicotine yield from IQOS under the same puffing conditions. Also, both sources agreed that IQOS emits significantly reduced levels of some emissions compared with combustible cigarettes. However, independent studies and examination of PMI’s data showed significant increases in other emissions from and beyond the Food and Drug Administration’s harmful and potentially harmful constituents list.

Impact of More Intense Smoking Parameters and Flavor Variety on Toxicant Levels in Emissions of a Heated Tobacco Product

“…Such finding is in line with the results of previous studies that reported similar nicotine levels in the emissions of differently flavored HEETS. 5 , 7 , 35 However, we detected slightly lower levels of nicotine in HEETS emissions compared with previous studies, likely due to the different amount of puffs (10 in our study, 12 in previous investigations) taken per HEET. 5 , 12 …”

Nontargeted Analysis in Tobacco Research: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Puffing regimes affect the combustion or heating of tobacco ingredients (or e-liquids for ECs) leading to different mechanisms of thermal degradation, and hence different profiles of emissions. , Standard puffing regimes like the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and Health Canada Intense (HCI) are used to characterize tobacco product emissions for regulatory purposes; however, they were recently shown to be not representative of the topography of actual smokers in natural environments . These cigarette standards are also not suitable for other tobacco products, especially ATPs . Also, the CORESTA regime used for ECs does not represent the actual use of the wide variety of available ECs .…”

“…In contrast to combustible cigarettes, ATPs have different modes of operation, composition, and emission profiles. While cigarettes deliver nicotine to the user by combusting tobacco, HTPs do so by electrically heating a tobacco filler, and ECs do so by vaporizing a nicotine-containing liquid on an electrically heated coil. , The differences in how devices produce the nicotine aerosol can lead to differences in the chemical profile of their emissions …”

“…The toxicities of newer alternative tobacco products (ATPs), such as HTPs and ECs, are being evaluated using established toxicant lists because these products were initially developed to reduce emission of toxicants compared to combustible cigarettes. However, they have been promoted as reduced-risk alternatives to cigarettes, impacting user perceptions and regulatory initiatives, before the full characterization of emissions from these products has been conducted . In contrast to combustible cigarettes, ATPs have different modes of operation, composition, and emission profiles.…”

“…The bulk of these methods is targeted toward specific classes of compounds or predetermined toxicants of interest such as carbonyls, 5 phenols, 6 tobacco-specific nitrosamines, 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 8 and volatile organic compounds. 9 However, the targeted lists were largely developed by analyzing constituents in cigarette smoke, and assessing available data on the abuse liability and adverse health effects of individual constituents.…”