“…Procedural knowledge involves understanding rules and routines (Chinnappan & Forrester, 2014). Procedural Knowledge can also explain how to do something or knowledge about the steps that we must refer to in solving problems and mention or justify ways to solve problems (Pujawan et al, 2022) Another opinion says that procedural knowledge is knowledge about skills, algorithms, techniques, and special methods in a subject or discipline (Afriliziana & Kartini, 2021) From several expert opinions, we conclude that procedural knowledge is knowledge of the steps that solve problems using special skills, algorithms, techniques and methods in a subject or scienti c discipline Student-centered teaching thus recognizes the importance of building the conceptual and cultural knowledge that students bring to their learning experiences (Putri et al, 2023), linking learning to students' experiences and accepting and exploring different perspectives and understandings (Geng et al, 2019). At the same time student-centered teaching must pay attention to and correct student misconceptions.…”