Analysis of Mechanical and Crystalline Characteristics of Polyamide 66 Joints Welded by a Novel Friction Stir Welding

Nandhini, R.; Kumar, Rajeev; Muthukumaran, S.; Kumaran, S.

doi:10.1007/s13369-019-03770-5

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The samples from the FSW process shown tensile strength correlated with crystallinity shown in Figure 4 and Figure 8. This fact had also been found in the FSW polyamide-66 process by the previous researcher [15].…”

Section: Tensile Strengthsupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of tensile strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, and thermal stability of polypropylene joined by friction stir welding

Kusharjanta¹,

Soenoko²,

Purnowidodo³

et al. 2022

J Appl Eng Science

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This paper aims to investigate the joining of polypropylene using friction stir welding (FSW). FSW parameters were the rotation speed of 620 rpm, the travel speed of 7.3 mm/min, and 13 mm/min. The tensile test was performed using a universal testing machine, and the results of the tensile test were related to the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to examine the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity while thermal analysis was carried out using TGA/DSC. Besides, the effect of the degree of crystallinity on the thermal stability at the weld nugget area due to travel speed is explained in this paper. The findings showed that FSW with a travel speed of 7.3 mm/min had a higher crystallite size and degree of crystallinity than that with a travel speed of 13 mm/min, because there is a fusion of crystals and also recrystallization occurs, as an effect of the difference in the length of time exposed to heat during the FSW process. From the study results, it can be seen that the FSW with a 7.3 mm/minute travel speed has a higher crystal size and degree of crystallinity compare with the use of 13 mm/minute travel speed. The reason for that, the difference in heat exposure time during FSW affects crystal fusion and recrystallization. A sample with a travel speed of 7.3 mm/min had high tensile strength because it obtains sufficient heat for a more complete joint. In terms of thermal stability, the specimen with a lower travel speed showed a higher stability level than the specimen with a higher travel speed in that of the higher degree of crystallinity.

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Section: Tensile Strengthsupporting

confidence: 76%

Analysis of tensile strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, and thermal stability of polypropylene joined by friction stir welding

Kusharjanta¹,

Soenoko²,

Purnowidodo³

et al. 2022

J Appl Eng Science

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“…20,[26][27][28] Several works were done on FSW of aluminium 5754 (metal to metal) as well as polyamide (polymer to polymer) with different metals as well as polymer with other combinations. [29][30][31][32][33] The hybrid aluminium-polyamide structure could serve as an alternative for automotive interior panel components. Only limited optimisation studies are done on the influence of process parameters on the FSW of metal-polymer hybrid joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and prediction of the joint strength of friction stir welded Aluminium 5754 to polyamide using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Adarsh

Natarajan

2022

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Lightweight hybrid structures are developing these days due to increased demand for fuel economy and lower emissions in the automotive and aerospace industries. This study aims to analyse and optimise the influence of friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters on the tensile shear strength of the aluminium-polyamide hybrid joint. The study on the influence of each parameter on the joint strength helps define the bonding mechanism while joining aluminium-polymer hybrid structures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for microstructural examination. A SEM image of the weld’s cross-sectional area shows micro and macro mechanical interlocks with a small interfacial gap which indicates better joint strength. An elemental area mapping investigation of the weld zone reveals fine polymer and aluminium mixing along the interaction region. In addition, FSW parameters have been optimized to maximize the tensile shear strength of aluminium-polyamide hybrid joints. A mathematical model for tensile shear strength in terms of FSW parameters is developed using response surface methodology (RSM). A predictive model was developed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to validate RSM predicted results. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the actual and predicted values have a satisfactory correlation. ANN methods are better than regression models in predicting tensile shear strength within input welding parameter ranges. The process variables were optimised using the desirability function analysis. The maximum joint tensile shear strength of about 19.74 MPa and attained at optimal FSW parameters, i.e. rotational tool speed of 1421 r/min, welding speed of 27 mm/min, and tool tilt angle of 1°. The regression coefficient for the ANN model was 0.988 for the test data set, indicating that the developed model is appropriate for predicting tensile shear strength.

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“…Due to smaller surface energy, the presence of release agents from the last step of the process, and poor weldability, will remain the main reasons that makes the joining of polymers or plastic-based materials more difficult [7]. By utilizing some of the particle reinforcements, mechanical features of welding plastic-based materials can be successfully developed [8,9]. By employing some particle reinforcement techniques with the origin material, welding of plastic-based materials was successfully achieved [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the effect of nano ZrO₂ and TiO₂ and rotation speed on friction behavior of rotary friction welding of HIPS and PP

Afzali

Asghari

2022

Funct. Compos. Struct.

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the purpose of this project was to introduce a way to improve the mechanical properties of welded dissimilar material, which gives benefits such as affordable, high speed, and suitable bond property. In this experimental project, the friction welding method has been applied, including combining parameters, such as numerical control (NC) machine including two different speeds, and three different cross-sections; including flat, cone, and step surfaces. When the welding process was done, samples were implemented and prepared via bending test of materials. the results have shown that, besides increasing the machining velocity, the surface friction increased, and so did the temperature. By considering the stated experimental facts, the melting temperature of composite materials has increased. This provides the possibility of having a better blend of nanomaterial compared to the base melted plastics. Thus, the result showed that, besides increasing the weight percentage (wt %) of Nanomaterials contents and machining velocity, the mechanical properties have increased on the welded area for all three types of samples. This enhancement is due to the better melting process on the welded area with attendance of various Nanoparticles contents. Also, the results showed that the shape of the welding area could play a significant role, and the results also change drastically where the shape changes. Optimum shape in the welding process has been dedicated to the step surface. The temperature causes the melting process, which is a significant factor in the friction welding process.

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Analysis of Mechanical and Crystalline Characteristics of Polyamide 66 Joints Welded by a Novel Friction Stir Welding

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of tensile strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, and thermal stability of polypropylene joined by friction stir welding

Analysis of tensile strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, and thermal stability of polypropylene joined by friction stir welding

Analysis and prediction of the joint strength of friction stir welded Aluminium 5754 to polyamide using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Study of the effect of nano ZrO₂ and TiO₂ and rotation speed on friction behavior of rotary friction welding of HIPS and PP

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Analysis of Mechanical and Crystalline Characteristics of Polyamide 66 Joints Welded by a Novel Friction Stir Welding

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of tensile strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, and thermal stability of polypropylene joined by friction stir welding

Analysis of tensile strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, and thermal stability of polypropylene joined by friction stir welding

Analysis and prediction of the joint strength of friction stir welded Aluminium 5754 to polyamide using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Study of the effect of nano ZrO2 and TiO2 and rotation speed on friction behavior of rotary friction welding of HIPS and PP

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Study of the effect of nano ZrO₂ and TiO₂ and rotation speed on friction behavior of rotary friction welding of HIPS and PP