Analysis of mechanical and durability properties of alkali activated blocks using PET flakes and Fly-ash

Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Utilisation for Production of Low Thermal Conductivity Cement Sand Bricks

“…The increasing number of PET waste substitutions affects the compressive strength. This study corresponds to previous studies, where PET waste addition leads to a reduction of the sample's compressive strength [41], [42], [46] and [61].…”

“…PET was known as a material with a low density and lower value of specific gravity, which proved the replacement of sand with these materials contributed to the reduction in mass of the brick samples [42]. This study had the same pattern as the studies conducted by Davies and Olofinnade [57], Bijivemula and Noolu [46], and Khalid et al, [41], which revealed that the density decreases with the increase in the PET waste content in the sample composition.…”

Strength and durability study on alccofine based geo-polymer concrete

“…Low calcium of Class F, which is more impermeable, with a particle size of 10-100 micrometers, confirming IS 3812 [17], with a specific gravity of 2.2, with a bulk density of 1.18 g/cm 3 , with a fineness of 290 m 2 /kg, FA was used for this experimental investigation shown in Figure 4. GGBS as shown in Figure 5 is an output of the iron quenching process.…”

“…Concrete is being robust, versatile, strong, durable, and long-lasting material, and the demand for concrete is rising along with the infrastructure evolution day to day, OPC is a major element in the preparation of concrete as it binds the materials together, the manufacturing procedure of OPC involves in the emission of unsafe gases into the atmosphere, which not only pollutes the surroundings but also impacts on the human health, based on the research work presented by Shyamala Devi et al [1], incorporation of alternate materials namely cementitious materials as partial replacement to OPC could be beneficial, they not only lower the carbon footprint but also shows a salient impact on enhancements of the properties of the concrete. GPC is an innovative material that can be adopted as an alternative to normal OPC-based concrete as it is made with eco-friendly materials, which not only diminish the liberation of dangerous gases but also enhance the properties of concrete, GPC is sustainable and durable, cost-effective, and long-lasting, the mechanism involves the condensation of alumina and silica oxides with the alkali activators used which maintain the structural integrity according to Daidovits [2], the liberation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) gel imparts more strength, complete polymerization done by the activators used, and resists alkali-silica reaction given by Sudheer and Venkatesh [3]. Fly ash (FA) is rich in alumina and silica, the major binding materials in GPC, which comprises low-calcium that can perform a substantial role in the process of polymerization of GPC mentioned by B V Rangan et al [4], solid wastes and by-products obtained from industry materials are often used in mass landfilling to up to a certain proportion, excess filling of these materials leads to leachate formation, which leads to water contamination, that affects the vegetation and soil fertility mentioned by Shwetha [5], the usage of these materials that contained cementitious properties in the concrete can modify the properties of concrete, GGBS is by-product form the iron industry used in the landfilling as stabilizing agent to improve the bearing capacity with increased strength and durability characteristics of soil presented by Venkatesh Noolu et al [6], used as the partial replacement to OPC with the cementitious properties possessed, it has higher glass content and produces smaller heat of hydration, and plays a vigorous part in alkali-silica reactions, its combination with other cementitious materials can impart extraordinary results stated by Kolli Ramujee et al [7].…”

Experimental investigation on high volume ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete

“…Venkatesh Noolu. et.al [8] reported that, the Usage of flyash, not only enough to produce completely sustainable concrete because it involves the natural resources like fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Therefore they replaced coarse aggregate with PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) waste to produce sustainable mix, and establish that the compressive, flexural strength and durability are acceptable but the strength is decreased with percent increment.…”