Analysis of mechanical energy in thigh, calf and foot during gait in children with cerebral palsy

Factors associated with gait efficiency in children with cerebral palsy: association between gait abnormality and balance ability

“…Normally, at the end of the swing phase, the hip joint is flexed and the knee is extended at the same time. However, it has been reported that in CP patients, there is no pendulum motion in the lower leg during walking 17 ) . The increased knee flexion angle at the end of the swing phase caused by the absence of pendulum motion of the lower leg in CP patients is attributed to the shortness of the hamstrings, which causes a decrease in step length and an increase in knee flexion at initial contact 18 ) .…”

A preliminary study on analysis of lower limb energy during walking in the patients with knee replacement

“…Firstly, PE is potential energy, the product of the mass and the height of the centre of mass (CoM), where m is the mass of an object, g is the gravitational constant, approximately 9.81 m/s 2 , and h is the height of the CoM in a segment relative to a ground level. From the marker coordinates, the mass and CoM were calculated for each segment or the entire lower limb, based on the relative length of the segments and the relative mass of the whole body [ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ]. …”