Analysis of Mercury in Skin Lightening Cream by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES)

Qudus, Hardoko Insan; Purwadi, Purwadi; Holilah, Iis; Hadi, Sutopo

doi:10.3390/molecules26113130

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Allergic reactions, skin irritation, or neurotoxic problems [54] ELISA, AAS, AFS, CE, CV-AAS, FAAS, FIA, ICP AES, ICP-MS, PVG ICP-MS, HPLC-ICP MS, MP AES, Electrochemical sensors [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] Abbreviation: Sweeping-MEKC-sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography; GFAAS-Graphite Furnace Absorption Spectrometry; AAS-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; LIBS-Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy; GC-Gas chromatography; HPLC-FLD-High-…”

Section: Whitening Agent Preservativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, many analytical methods have been developed for detecting mercury components in cosmetic preparations. Methods used to determine mercury levels include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [55], atomic absorption spectrophotometry [57,[60][61][62][63][64], atomic emission spectroscopy [67,71,74], capillary electrophoresis [60], electrochemical sensors [72,73], and mass spectroscopy [68][69][70]. These methods are summarized in Table 10.…”

Section: Mercury Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach using the AES analysis method is to use microwave plasma (MP). MP-AES was conducted by Qudus et al [71] to analyze mercury levels in 16 skin-lightening creams. MP-AES itself is a fairly new analytical method for metal analysis.…”

Section: Mercury Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is also quite sensitive, with a detection limit value of 15.01 ng/g. In this publication, the authors recommend the use of other solvents and a comparison with other equivalent techniques [71].…”

Section: Mercury Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics

Pratiwi

Yusar

et al. 2022

Cosmetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The general public uses cosmetics daily. Cosmetic products contain substances (ingredients) with various functions, from skincare to enhancing appearance, as well as ingredients that preserve the cosmetic products. Some cosmetic ingredients are prohibited or restricted in certain geographical regions, such as the European Union and the United States of America, due to their potential to cause adverse effects such as cancer, birth defects, and/or developmental and reproductive disorders. However, the ingredients may be used in other regions, and, hence, the monitoring of the cosmetic ingredients actually used is important to ensure the safety of cosmetic products. This review provides an overview of recent analytical methods that have been developed for detecting certain ingredients that are restricted or prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or EU legislation on cosmetic products.

show abstract

Section: Whitening Agent Preservativementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mercury Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mercury Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mercury Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics

Pratiwi

Yusar

et al. 2022

Cosmetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inductively coupled plasmas (ICP) created an annular plasma by punching a hole through the center of the plasma with a nebulized sample. Microwave plasmas were originally commercialized as detectors for GC effluent, quantifying vapors and gases only, but they are currently used for OES [ 51 ] and are also energetic enough to ionize metals for MS measurement [ 52 ]. Other applications and sample types exist for all these plasma sources but have largely remained in the research area only.…”

Section: Sample Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving toward a Handheld “Plasma” Spectrometer for Elemental Analysis, Putting the Power of the Atom (Ion) in the Palm of Your Hand

Buckley

Doherty

2021

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many of the current innovations in instrument design have been focused on making them smaller, more rugged, and eventually field transportable. The ultimate application is obvious, carrying the instrument to the field for real time sample analysis without the need for a support laboratory. Real time data are priceless when screening either biological or environmental samples, as mitigation strategies can be initiated immediately upon the discovery that contaminant metals are present in a location they were not intended to be. Additionally, smaller “handheld” instruments generally require less sample for analysis, possibly increasing sensitivity, another advantage to instrument miniaturization. While many other instruments can be made smaller just by using available micro-technologies (e.g., eNose), shrinking an ICP-MS or AES to something someone might carry in a backpack or pocket is now closer to reality than in the past, and can be traced to its origins based on a component-by-component evaluation. While the optical and mass spectrometers continue to shrink in size, the ion/excitation source remains a challenge as a tradeoff exists between excitation capabilities and the power requirements for the plasma’s generation. Other supporting elements have only recently become small enough for transport. A systematic review of both where the plasma spectrometer started and the evolution of technologies currently available may provide the roadmap necessary to miniaturize the spectrometer. We identify criteria on a component-by-component basis that need to be addressed in designing a miniaturized device and recognize components (e.g., source) that probably require further optimization. For example, the excitation/ionization source must be energetic enough to take a metal from a solid state to its ionic state. Previously, a plasma required a radio frequency generator or high-power DC source, but excitation can now be accomplished with non-thermal (cold) plasma sources. Sample introduction, for solids, liquids, and gasses, presents challenges for all sources in a field instrument. Next, the interface between source and a mass detector usually requires pressure reduction techniques to get an ion from plasma to the spectrometer. Currently, plasma mass spectrometers are field ready but not necessarily handheld. Optical emission spectrometers are already capable of getting photons to the detector but could eventually be connected to your phone. Inert plasma gas generation is close to field ready if nitrogen generators can be miniaturized. Many of these components are already commercially available or at least have been reported in the literature. Comparisons to other “handheld” elemental analysis devices that employ XRF, LIBS, and electrochemical methods (and their limitations) demonstrate that a “cold” plasma-based spectrometer can be more than competitive. Migrating the cold plasma from an emission only source to a mass spectrometer source, would allow both analyte identification and potentially source apportionment through isotopic fingerprinting, and may be the last major hurdle to overcome. Finally, we offer a possible design to aid in making the cold plasma source more applicable to a field deployment.

show abstract

Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Sensors for Mercury (Hg) Detection: Design Strategies and Recent Progress

Ma,

Zhang,

Xiang

et al. 2024

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monitoring mercury (Hg) is critical for environmental and public health. Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based sensors demonstrate the advantage of high sensitivity and rapid response. We summarize the advances of MOF sensors for Hg2+ detection from the perspective of MOF type and role in the sensors. First, we introduce three MOFs used in Hg sensors—UIO, ZIF, and MIL—that have demonstrated superior performance. Then, we discuss the specifics of MOF‐based sensors for Hg2+ detection in terms of the recognition and signal elements. Currently, the recognition elements include T‐rich aptamers, noble metal nanoparticles, central metal ions, and organic functional groups inherent to MOFs. Sensors with fluorescence and colorimetric signals are the two main types of optical MOF sensors used for Hg detection. Electrochemical sensors have also been fabricated, but these are less frequently reported, potentially due to the limited conductivity and cycling stability of MOFs. Notably, dual‐signal sensors mitigate background signals interference and enhance the accuracy of Hg2+ detection. Furthermore, to facilitate portability and user‐friendliness, portable devices such as microfluidics, paper‐based devices, and smartphones have been developed for Hg2+ detection, showcasing potential applications. We also address the challenges related to MOF‐based sensors for Hg2+ and future outlook.

show abstract

Analysis of Mercury in Skin Lightening Cream by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES)

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics

Analysis of Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics

Moving toward a Handheld “Plasma” Spectrometer for Elemental Analysis, Putting the Power of the Atom (Ion) in the Palm of Your Hand

Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Sensors for Mercury (Hg) Detection: Design Strategies and Recent Progress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About