Analysis of mesoscopic pore size in 3D-interlock fabrics and validation of a predictive permeability model

Vernet, Nicolas; Trochu, F.

doi:10.1177/0731684415617537

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In order to predict the permeability of 2.5 D interlock fabrics , Vernet and Trochu [71,72] developed an analytical model that calculates the pressure drop inside the fabric after predicting the size and distribution of the mesopores. Good agreement was observed at a selected fiber volume fraction for each fabric.…”

Section: Developed Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finite element methods are used in a large number of articles [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. The approach consists of discretizing the unit cell into elements, inside which reference elements are defined.…”

Section: Review Of Fabric Permeability Prediction: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few models predicting the permeability of engineering textiles are classified as "pure analytical models", like Refs. [71,72]. Their model is a function of weaving parameters, tortuosity and length of mesopores; function of these parameters' pressure drop is estimated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Progress in Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation Methods for Textile Permeability

et al. 2019

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A great amount of attention has been given to the evaluation of the permeability tensor and several methods have been implemented for this purpose: experimental methods, as well as numerical and analytical methods. Numerical simulation tools are being seriously developed to cover the evaluation of permeability. However, the results are still far from matching reality. On the other hand, many problems still intervene in the experimental measurement of permeability, since it depends on several parameters including personal performance, preparation of specimens, equipment accuracy, and measurement techniques. Errors encountered in these parameters may explain why inconsistent measurements are obtained which result in unreliable experimental evaluation of permeability. However, good progress was done in the second international Benchmark, wherein a method to measure the in-plane permeability was agreed on by 12 institutes and universities. Critical researchers’ work was done in the field of analytical methods, and thus different empirical and analytical models have emerged, but most of those models need to be improved. Some of which are based on Cozeny-Karman equation. Others depend on numerical simulation or experiment to predict the macroscopic permeability. Also, the modeling of permeability of unidirectional fiber beds have taken the greater load of concern, whereas that of fiber bundle permeability prediction remain limited. This paper presents a review on available methods for evaluating unidirectional fiber bundles and engineering fabric permeability. The progress of each method is shown in order to clear things up.

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Section: Developed Analytical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Fabric Permeability Prediction: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation Methods for Textile Permeability

et al. 2019

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“…Chen [14] used a dual-scale model to predict the fabric permeability, and the results showed that the permeabilities of fabrics with the same fiber volume fractions were not necessarily the same. Investigators [15,16,17,18] have established theoretical models to predict the permeabilities of three-dimensional orthogonal and angle-interlock woven fabrics and provided experimental validation of these models. However, the effect of shear deformation on the fabric permeability was not considered in the studies mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Shear Deformation on Permeability of 2.5D Woven Preform

et al. 2019

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The accurate prediction of the permeability is the key to optimizing the molding process of fiber reinforced composites, thus to improve the composite quality, and reduce the material and labor costs in the manufacturing process. In this paper, the permeability of 2.5D woven preform with shear deformation was studied by experiments and numerical simulations. The permeabilities of the samples under various shear angles were measured by the radial flow method. An RVE (representative volume element) model based on the fabric microstructure and shear deformation is developed to predict the permeability of preform and the simulation results are compared with experiments value to verify the effectiveness of this model. Using this model, the effect of the fiber volume fraction on the permeability of the 2.5D woven preform was determined. Based on the structural characteristics, experimental and simulation results of the 2.5D woven preform, an empirical equation for predicting its permeability under shear deformation was formulated. The prediction accuracy of the equation was evaluated, and the equation was used to determine the change of permeability with shear deformation for the 2.5D woven preform.

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“…8 modeled the shapes and positions of the pores in unidirectional reinforcements and calculated permeability using a microporomechanical approach. Vernet and Trochu 9 analyzed cross-sectional images obtained by microscopy to determine the pore size distribution, the number of pores, and the tortuosity along different directions of 3D interlock fabrics. These data were then used to validate a predictive permeability model developed previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of the pore size distribution in fibrous reinforcements of composite materials

Bonnard

Causse

Trochu

2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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This study uses capillary flow porometry to investigate the porous structure of engineering fabrics used in high-performance polymer composites. This technique consists of applying air pressure to a previously wetted sample to progressively expel the liquid from the pores. A porometry testing device commonly employed to characterize filtration media was used as the principal tool for this investigation. Four types of fibrous fabrics made of glass and carbon fibers with different textile architectures have been experimentally characterized with a through-thickness setup. This allowed obtaining the pore size distribution inside the tested material. In all the cases studied, the porometry technique was able to detect in a reproducible way a bimodal pore size distribution reflecting the presence of both micropores (inside the fiber yarns) and mesopores (between the yarns). Moreover, experimental results indicate that the method can be used to study the influence of the textile pattern on the pore size distribution. Overall, the study shows that capillary flow porometry can give valuable information on the dual scale structure of fibrous reinforcements, which plays a critical role during the impregnation stage of Liquid Composite Molding processes. Because of its simplicity and speed of execution, the proposed approach appears to be a promising way to complement other sophisticated techniques already used for composites such as microscopy and X-ray microtomography.

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Analysis of mesoscopic pore size in 3D-interlock fabrics and validation of a predictive permeability model

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Progress in Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation Methods for Textile Permeability

Progress in Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation Methods for Textile Permeability

The Effect of Shear Deformation on Permeability of 2.5D Woven Preform

Experimental characterization of the pore size distribution in fibrous reinforcements of composite materials

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