Analysis of metabolites of N,N-dimethylformamide in urine samples

Käfferlein, Heiko U.; Mráz, Jaroslav; Ferstl, C.; Angerer, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/s00420-004-0538-x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…DMF is metabolized mainly in the liver and its metabolite is N‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐N‐methylformamide (HMMF). HMMF is unstable and further decomposes and oxidizes to form N‐Methylformamide (NMF), Formaldehyde and N‐ acetyl‐ S ‐( N ‐methylcarbamoyl) cysteine (AMCC) in vivo 36 . Scailteur et al 37 found that NMF in rats was more hepatotoxic and embryotoxic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of mouse oocytes to N,N‐dimethylformamide impairs mitochondrial functions and reduces oocyte quality

Fei

Guo

Yin

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a widely-used solvent for the synthesis of synthetic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile fiber, and can also be used to make medicine.Although this organic solvent has multipurpose applications, its biological toxicity cannot be ignored and its impact on mammalian reproduction remains largely unexplored. Our study found that DMF exposure inhibited oocyte maturation and fertilization ability. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that DMF exposure changed the expression of genes and transposable elements in oocytes. Subcellular structure examination found that DMF exposure caused mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal aggregation of mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in mouse oocytes. Its exposure also caused abnormal distribution of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum which formed large number of clusters. In addition, oxidative stress occurs in oocytes exposed to DMF, which was manifested by an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species. We found that DMF exposure induced disordered spindle and chromosomes abnormality. Meanwhile, we examined various histone modification levels in oocytes exposed to DMF and found that DMF exposure reduced H3K9me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H4K16ac levels in mouse oocytes. Moreover, DMF-treated oocytes failed to form pronuclei after fusion with normal sperm.Collectively, DMF exposure caused mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, spindle assembly and chromosome arrangement disorder, leading to oocyte maturation arrest and fertilization failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of mouse oocytes to N,N‐dimethylformamide impairs mitochondrial functions and reduces oocyte quality

Fei

Guo

Yin

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Quantitation of AMCC in urine by GC needed multiple treatments to convert AMCC to a volatile compound. Kafferlein et al [15] compared the suitability and accuracy of four GC methods developed for determination of urinary metabolites of DMF. Two methods were able to measure only the total NMF, and the other two methods measured both the total NMF and AMCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide, N-methylformamide and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cystein in urine samples from workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Sohn¹,

Han²,

Lee³

et al. 2005

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…The urinary metabolites of DMF are considered to serve as a marker for assessments of the total body burden of DMF when an individual worker is exposed to DMF through respiration and dermal contact. In addition, urinary AMCC was reported to be a good indicator for the assessment of cumulative exposure to DMF over a workweek 19 , 20 ) , since the elimination half-life for AMCC was reported to be 22.1 h 21 ) or 23 h 22 ) . Simultaneous measurements of personal exposure to DMF and the urinary levels of NMF and AMCC could be used to evaluate the contribution of the skin absorption of DMF to total DMF exposure through the lung and skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide in the Summer and Winter

et al. 2014

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We evaluated total body burden of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) taken through the lung and skin by personal exposure of workers to DMF and urinalysis of N-methylformamide (NMF) and N-acetyl-S(N-methylcarbamoyl)-cysteine (AMCC). A total of 270 workers were engaged in four different jobs in a workplace distant from main production lines emanating high levels of DMF. They were not required to wear any personal protective equipment including respirators or gloves. We found that log-transformed urinary levels of NMF and AMCC increased with an increase in log-transformed concentrations of exposure to DMF. Urinary levels of NMF and AMCC were significantly higher in the summer than the winter, although there was no significant seasonal difference in the concentrations of exposure to DMF. Our findings suggested that the increased urinary levels of NMF and AMCC in the summer resulted in increased skin absorption of DMF due to an increased amount of DMF absorbed by the moisturized skin under humid and hot conditions. Seasonal changes in the relative internal exposure index confirmed the present finding of enhanced summertime skin absorption of DMF. AMCC is thought to be a useful biomarker for assessments of cumulative exposure to DMF over a workweek and for evaluations of workers’ health effects.

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Analysis of metabolites of N,N-dimethylformamide in urine samples

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Exposure of mouse oocytes to N,N‐dimethylformamide impairs mitochondrial functions and reduces oocyte quality

Exposure of mouse oocytes to N,N‐dimethylformamide impairs mitochondrial functions and reduces oocyte quality

Simultaneous determination of N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide, N-methylformamide and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cystein in urine samples from workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide in the Summer and Winter

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