Analysis of Microclimate Data Measured over Grass and Soybean Canopy and Their Impacts on Penman-Monteith Grass and Alfalfa Reference Evapotranspiration

Skaggs, Kari E.; Irmak, Suat

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000382

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition to weather-monitoring equipment, the presence of microclimates within a home lawn or golf course can result in variability in ET across microclimates ( Jiang et al, 1998). This is caused by alterations of environmental conditions within each microclimate, such as solar radiation, wind speed, humidity, and air temperature (Rosenberg et al, 1983;Jiang et al, 1998;Skaggs and Irmak, 2012). Feldhake et al (1983) used lysimeters to determine factors influencing ET in urban microclimates.…”

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Evaluation of Atmometers within Urban Home Lawn Microclimates

2015

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2359ReseaRch T urfgrasses in the United States are estimated to cover 16 to 20 million hectares, an area three times larger than any irrigated crop (Morris, 2003;Milesi et al., 2005). The total turfgrass area in the United States is likely to increase greatly as urbanization continues to expand (Alig et al., 2004). Irrigation of turfgrasses in urban areas is a common practice, creating an increasing demand for water in expanding urban areas. However, many homeowners do not understand how to manage the irrigation for their lawn (Bremer et al., 2012(Bremer et al., , 2013(Bremer et al., , 2015. A better understanding of turfgrass irrigation requirements (i.e., ET) would help homeowners manage irrigation more efficiently, reducing the demand for water.Turfgrass irrigation requirements are often determined by ET estimates. Typically ET estimates are obtained from either on-site or off-site weather stations that collect weather data to calculate ET using an empirical model. However, a weather station can be expensive to set up and maintain. Siting of the weather station can also create a bias resulting in inaccurate ET estimation (Ley et al., 1996). This is problematic for practitioners who utilize ET-based irrigation scheduling.ABSTRACT An atmometer is an inexpensive tool used to measure evapotranspiration (ET) in situ. The effects of microclimates associated with urban lawns on the performance of atmometers are not well documented. our objective was to compare ET estimates between atmometers and the FAo-56 penman-Monteith equation (pM ET , FAo56-pM), including within urban lawns. The study was conducted in six lawns in 2010 and one in 2011 in Manhattan, KS, and four lawns in Wichita, KS, in 2011. A weather station and atmometer were positioned in an open sward of turfgrass near each city during each measurement period in Manhattan and Wichita. A commercially available Bellani plate atmometer, using a green canvas cover for grass reference ET (AT ET ), was placed next to a portable weather station in two contrasting microclimates within each lawn. Weather stations recorded temperature, net radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed data used to calculate pM ET . open sward AT ET (4.73 mm d -1 ) averaged 14% less than pM ET (5.48 mm d -1 ). Within microclimates, AT ET (3.94mm d -1 ) averaged 22% greater than pM ET (3.23 mm d -1 ). The differences in ET estimates between measurement techniques varied with wind speed, net radiation, and vapor pressure deficit. The best relationships between AT ET and pM ET , at the open sward and within microclimates, occurred when wind speed was >1 m s -1 , vapor pressure deficit was >2 kpa, and net radiation was >5 MJ m -2 d -1 . overall, atmometers can provide reliable estimates of pM ET and could benefit practitioners with irrigation management within microclimates. Dep. of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State Univ., 2021 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506. Contribution no. 15-152-J from the Kansas Agric. Exp. Station.

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Evaluation of Atmometers within Urban Home Lawn Microclimates

2015

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“…Where suitable ET 0 stations are more distant, farmers, or farmer cooperatives could install a full meteorological station to better parameterize ET 0 or use satellite inputs (Hart et al 2009;Westerhoff 2015) for variables, such as net radiation and land surface temperature, that can be reliably obtained from satellites. Where available, a well-watered, full canopy crop may be a suitable alternate reference surface to short grass or alfalfa (Irmak and Odhiambo 2009;Skaggs and Irmak 2012). …”

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Incorporating field wind data to improve crop evapotranspiration parameterization in heterogeneous regions

et al. 2017

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to a potentially inaccurate ET 0 for irrigation scheduling. In this study, we investigated multiple ET 0 products from six meteorological stations, a satellite ET 0 product, and integration (merger) of two stations' data in Southern California, USA. We evaluated ET 0 against lysimetric ET observations from two lysimeter systems (weighing and volumetric) and two crops (wine grapes and Jerusalem artichoke) by calculating crop ET (ET c ) using crop coefficients for the lysimetric crops with the different ET 0 . ET c calculated with ET 0 products that incorporated field-specific wind speed had closer agreement with lysimetric ET, with RMSE reduced by 36 and 45% for grape and Jerusalem artichoke, respectively, with on-field anemometer data compared to wind data from the nearest station. The results indicate the potential importance of on-site meteorological sensors for ET 0 parameterization; particularly where microclimates are highly variable and/or irrigation water is expensive or scarce.

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Comparison of hourly and daily Penman-Monteith grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration equations and crop coefficients for maize under arid climatic conditions

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2017

Agricultural Water Management

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Analysis of Microclimate Data Measured over Grass and Soybean Canopy and Their Impacts on Penman-Monteith Grass and Alfalfa Reference Evapotranspiration

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of Atmometers within Urban Home Lawn Microclimates

Evaluation of Atmometers within Urban Home Lawn Microclimates

Incorporating field wind data to improve crop evapotranspiration parameterization in heterogeneous regions

Comparison of hourly and daily Penman-Monteith grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration equations and crop coefficients for maize under arid climatic conditions

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