Analysis of mineral surface chemistry in flotation separation using imaging XPS

Modification of ilmenite surface chemistry for enhancing surfactants adsorption and bubble attachment

“…Studies on froth flotation have been focused on developing techniques to selectively modify mineral surface chemistry to improve the hydrophobicity and the attachment of particles to air bubbles [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and on investigating the effect of bubble sizes [16,17] and hydrodynamic interaction [18,19], etc. The typical opinion is that the poor ability is due to the reduced particle hydrophobicity and hence less probability of particle/air attachment [20,21].…”

Influence of Cu–Ti thin film surface properties on antimicrobial activity and viability of living cells

“…Moreover, the shake-up satellite structure, which is associated with the Cu(II) species, is present in the XPS spectrum and can be used for Cu(I):Cu(II) ratio quantification. Shake-up satellite peaks appear when the outgoing photoelectron simultaneously interacts with a valence electron and excites it to a higher-energy level [50,53]. The binding energy of the shaken-up core electron is then higher than that of the core level position [53].…”

“…Shake-up satellite peaks appear when the outgoing photoelectron simultaneously interacts with a valence electron and excites it to a higher-energy level [50,53]. The binding energy of the shaken-up core electron is then higher than that of the core level position [53]. Hence, these electrons are part of the Cu2p emission and should be included in the calculation of the Cu(I):Cu(II) ratio as a contribution only for the Cu(II) species.…”

Integrated Approaches for the Study of Real Mineral Flotation Systems

“…They also examined the distribution of the polymeric depressant Depramin  using ToF-SIMS and were able to make semi-quantitative analysis of relative adsorption between mineral types, identified by their elemental mass fragments, by correlating solution depletion measurements to relative depressant fragment intensities. In a rare study utilising (quantitative) XPS imaging Biesinger et al [34] examined the loss of selectivity between chalcocite from heazelwoodite. By combining this approach with traditional XPS and SEM/EDX it was possible to distinguish contrasting levels of oxidation between the two minerals in the rougher feed and tails as well as the principal sites of adsorption of the collector molecules.…”