Analysis of Mitogen-Stimulated Lymphocyte Subset Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Captive Elk (Cervus Elaphus)

Waters, W. Ray; Sacco, R. E.; Fach, Sasha J.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Olsen, Steven C.; Kreeger, Terry J.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.344

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At 12 wk postvaccination, mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral-blood buffy coats as previously described (Waters et al 2002) with some modifications. Briefly, 2×10 5 cells/well were seeded in 96-well plates (Falcon, Becton Dickinson, San Jose, California, USA) in RPMI medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 1mM L-glutamine, and 1mM nonessential amino acids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Immune Response of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) to Live Rb51 Vaccine Strain Using Composite Microspheres

Arenas-Gamboa

Ficht

Davis

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. The occurrence of the infection in humans is largely dependent on the prevalence of brucellosis in animal reservoirs, including wildlife. The current vaccine used for cattle Brucella abortus strain RB51, has proven ineffective in protecting bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus nelsoni) from infection and abortion. To test possible improvements in vaccine efficacy, a novel approach of immunization was examined from April 2004 to November 2006 using alginate composite microspheres containing a nonimmunogenic, eggshell-precursor protein of the parasite Fasciola hepatica (Vitelline protein B, VpB) to deliver live vaccine strain RB51. Red deer (Cervus elaphus), used as a model for elk, were vaccinated orally (PO) or subcutaneously (SC) with 1.5×1010 viable organisms per animal. Humoral responses postvaccination (immunoglobulin G [IgG] levels), assessed at different time points, indicated that capsules containing live RB51 elicited an anti-Brucella specific IgG response. Furthermore, the encapsulated vaccine elicited a cell-mediated response that the nonencapsulated vaccinates failed to produce. Finally, red deer were challenged with B. abortus strain 19 by conjunctival exposure. Only animals that received encapsulated RB51 vaccine by either route exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial counts in their spleens. These data suggest that alginate-VpB microspheres provide a method to enhance the RB51 vaccine performance in elk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Immune Response of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) to Live Rb51 Vaccine Strain Using Composite Microspheres

Arenas-Gamboa

Ficht

Davis

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…At 17 wk postvaccination, mononuclear cells were isolated from the buffy coats of peripheral blood as described previously, with some modifications (Waters et al, 2002). In brief, 2310 5 cells/well were seeded in 96-well plates (Falcon, BD Biosciences, San Jose, California, USA) in RPMI medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 1 mM L-glutamine, and 1 mM nonessential amino acids.…”

Section: Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay From Peripheral Blood Mononucmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Vaccination With Microencapsuled Strain 19 Vaccine Confers Enhanced Protection Against Brucella Abortus Strain 2308 Challenge in Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus Elaphus)

Arenas-Gamboa

Ficht

Davis

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), USA, are infected with Brucella abortus, the causative agent of bovine brucellosis, and they serve as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. Bovine brucellosis recently has been transmitted from infected elk to cattle in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho and has resulted in their loss of brucellosisfree status. An efficacious Brucella vaccine with a delivery system suitable for wildlife would be a valuable tool in a disease prevention and control program. We evaluated Strain 19 (S19) in a sustained release vehicle consisting of alginate microspheres containing live vaccine. In a challenge study using red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) as a model for elk, alginate, a naturally occurring polymer combined with a protein of Fasciola hepatica vitelline protein B was used to microencapsulate S19. Red deer were orally or subcutaneously immunized with 1.5310 10 colony-forming units (CFUs) using microencapsulated S19. Humoral and cellular profiles were analyzed bimonthly throughout the study. The vaccinated red deer and nonvaccinated controls were challenged 1 yr postimmunization conjunctivally with 1310 9 CFUs of B. abortus strain 2308. Red deer vaccinated with oral microencapsulated S19 had a statistically significant lower bacterial tissue load compared with controls. These data indicate for the first time that protection against Brucella-challenge can be achieved by combining a commonly used vaccine with a novel oral delivery system such as alginate-vitelline protein B microencapsulation. This system is a potential improvement for efficacious Brucella-vaccine delivery to wildlife in the GYA.

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“…Cell‐mediated immune responses are essential for host defense against B. abortus , with a bias toward T helper 1 responses, importantly characterized by the production of interferon‐ γ (IFN‐ γ ) (Waters et al. ; Clapp et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell-mediated immune responses are essential for host defense against B. abortus, with a bias toward T helper 1 responses, importantly characterized by the production of interferon-c (IFN-c) (Waters et al 2002;Clapp et al 2011). Seasonal changes in IFN-c were assessed from bison captured during 2007-2009 as described in Clapp et al (2011).…”

Section: Indicators Of Nutrition Nutritional Condition and Immune Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of brucellosis in Yellowstone bison: linking seasonal food resources, host–pathogen interaction, and life‐history trade‐offs

Treanor

Geremia

Ballou

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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The seasonal availability of food resources is an important factor shaping the life-history strategies of organisms. During times of nutritional restriction, physiological trade-offs can induce periods of immune suppression, thereby increasing susceptibility to infectious disease. Our goal was to provide a conceptual framework describing how the endemic level bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) may be maintained in Yellowstone bison based on the seasonality of food resources and the life-history strategies of the host and pathogen. Our analysis was based on active B. abortus infection (measured via bacterial culture), nutritional indicators (measured as metabolites and hormones in plasma), and carcass measurements of 402 slaughtered bison. Data from Yellowstone bison were used to investigate (1) whether seasonal changes in diet quality affect nutritional condition and coincide with the reproductive needs of female bison; (2) whether active B. abortus infection and infection intensities vary with host nutrition and nutritional condition; and (3) the evidence for seasonal changes in immune responses, which may offer protection against B. abortus, in relation to nutritional condition. Female bison experienced a decline in nutritional condition during winter as reproductive demands of late gestation increased while forage quality and availability declined. Active B. abortus infection was negatively associated with bison age and nutritional condition, with the intensity of infection negatively associated with indicators of nutrition (e.g., dietary protein and energy) and body weight. Data suggest that protective cell-mediated immune responses may be reduced during the B. abortus transmission period, which coincides with nutritional insufficiencies and elevated reproductive demands during spring. Our results illustrate how seasonal food restriction can drive physiological trade-offs that suppress immune function and create infection and transmission opportunities for pathogens.

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Analysis of Mitogen-Stimulated Lymphocyte Subset Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Captive Elk (Cervus Elaphus)

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Enhanced Immune Response of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) to Live Rb51 Vaccine Strain Using Composite Microspheres

Enhanced Immune Response of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) to Live Rb51 Vaccine Strain Using Composite Microspheres

Oral Vaccination With Microencapsuled Strain 19 Vaccine Confers Enhanced Protection Against Brucella Abortus Strain 2308 Challenge in Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus Elaphus)

Maintenance of brucellosis in Yellowstone bison: linking seasonal food resources, host–pathogen interaction, and life‐history trade‐offs

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