Analysis of Mixing Processes of LPG Gases in Tanks When Transporting by Sea

Morozyuk, Larisa; Kosoy, Boris; Sokolovska-Yefymenko, Viktoriia; Ierin, Volodymyr

doi:10.3390/dynamics2030011

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The determination of the interview guide is based on relevant research that discusses the reliquefaction process. The parameters on which questions are based include, operating processes, problems, performance improvement, and operator proficiency (Morozyuk et al, 2022). The guidelines included questions related to the requification system on MT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Reliquefaction System on Gas Carrier to Maintain The Condition and Temperature of Cargo Tank

Suprapti,

Susanto,

Hendrawan

et al. 2023

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Transport of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and their derivatives (methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene and other liquefied gases) is done using gas carrier tankers. Large gas carriers are equipped with re-liquefaction system to handle cargo during the process of loading, voyaging, and unloading. A reliquefaction system is installed on gas carriers to handle the Boil off-gas (BOG) problem. Operation constraints Reliquefaction system operating the reliquefaction system include the compound characteristics, liquefaction unit operating conditions, and system performance. These issues also hinder the BOG liquefaction process. This research sought to investigate the whole operation process of the system. This case study was conducted by observing the objects directly on the MT. Chinagas Legend vessel whose main cargoes are LPG. In case studies, research is carried out by studying the phenomenon of case problems that occur directly on the object. The identified problems and its resolutions could add valueable information to science. The research results revealed that MT. Chinagas Legend had a reliquefaction system with 2-stage or 3-stage options. The former type was used for butane (C4H10) cargoes and the latter was used for propane (C3H8) cargoes. The common problem in the process of reliquefaction systems was the presence of contaminants carried with seawater and clogging the filters. A leak in the intake or discharge valve slowed down the reliquefaction process and rendered it ineffective. The problems can be overcome through periodic routine inspections on components that are directly in contact with sea water, such as sea water filters.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common issues faced on operating reliquefaction system include the compound characteristics in the tank, the operating conditions of the liquefaction installation, and the system performance (Morozyuk et al, 2022). The a fore mentioned problems can hinder the liquefaction process of BOG as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Reliquefaction System on Gas Carrier to Maintain The Condition and Temperature of Cargo Tank

Suprapti,

Susanto,

Hendrawan

et al. 2023

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“…LPG retail market in Nigeria's largely unregulated. This is primarily because during the enactment of the 1969 Petroleum Act, Nigeria's primary oil and gas regulatory law, gas resources were not paid sufficient attention and, consequently, the Petroleum Act has been largely oil-focused [27]. The government is attempting to rectify this issue with the Petroleum Industry Bill, which has been in the legislative pipeline for over a decade, and was just passed by the Senate last week.…”

Section: Domestic Consumption and Retail Marketing Of Lpgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under this model, consumers only have to buy cylinders and refill them at intervals. However, the operation of this distribution model has been severely hampered by the lack of adequate monitoring of the quality of the cylinders circulating the Nigerian market [27]. Nigerian consumers often purchase unbranded and sub-standard LPG cylinders from roadside sellers, a culture which has led to the widespread infiltration of sub-standard gas cylinders in the domestic market.…”

Section: Availability Of Lpg Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Tanks Boil-off Gas Generation and Management– Review

Princewill,

Ubasom,

Chibuike

2023

IJASE

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This study is to review works on Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage tanks, in order to assess boil-off gas generation and management. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. It also powers many business and agricultural processes. In Nigeria, LPG is becoming more useful, especially now that the government is positioning LPG as an alternative for the eventual replacement of firewood and kerosene as domestic cooking fuel, and also canvassing the use of LPG as vehicle fuel for transportation. These have resulted in the emergence of a lot of LPG skid plants, without proper boil-off gas (BOG) recovery systems, thus raising safety and profitability concerns. The generation of boil-off gas in the storage tank causes losses in the LPG supply chain over time. BOG is the continuously evaporated or boiled LPG vapor that causes the pressure inside the tank to rise due to heat entering the tank during storage and transportation, which may change the quality of LPG over time. This BOG is generated primarily due to heat leakage, resulting from the temperature difference between the ambient air and LPG. BOG generation rate is one of the most important factors for the safety and economic assessment of LPG storage tanks.

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“…These have resulted in the emergence of a lot of LPG skid plants, without proper boil-off gas (BOG) recovery system nationwide. Thus, raises safety and profitability concern [12], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of safety and economic impact of boil-off-gas in LPG storage tanks

Princewill,

Ubasom,

David

2023

AET

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This study was carried out to assess the effect of boil-off gas (BOG) on the safety and economic effectiveness of LPG storage tanks. It includes analysis of the thermodynamic properties of LPG; heat absorbed from ambient air by the storage tank that leaks into the LPG, and consequently generates boil-off gas in the supply chain, by utilizing appropriate thermodynamic and heat transfer equations. Analyzing the heat leakage required the estimations of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the ambient air in the supply location and the LPG supply chain, which amounted to 3335.9W/m2K and 21.058W/m2K, respectively, in the system under study. Analyzing the thermodynamic properties, such as specific volume, entropy, and enthalpy of the LPG, shows that the entropy of LPG in the storage tank is negative, which suggests an endothermic process, validating that heat is added to the system from the surroundings. The heat absorbed in the LPG from the ambient air by the storage tank amounted to 1.785kW. The boil-off generation rate due to the storage tank heat leakage was 0.0049kg/s, which translates to a cost equivalent loss of 0.0069$/s at an LPG selling price of 1.42$/kg. It was recommended that maintenance of insulation and other external factors such as wind speed, solar radiation, ambient temperature, and thermal conductivity of the storage tank material are key factors in minimizing the heat leaks into LPG; hence BOG generation, which is of utmost importance in ensuring safety and economic loss in the LPG supply chain.

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Analysis of Mixing Processes of LPG Gases in Tanks When Transporting by Sea

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Optimization of Reliquefaction System on Gas Carrier to Maintain The Condition and Temperature of Cargo Tank

Optimization of Reliquefaction System on Gas Carrier to Maintain The Condition and Temperature of Cargo Tank

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Tanks Boil-off Gas Generation and Management– Review

Assessment of safety and economic impact of boil-off-gas in LPG storage tanks

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