“…For the broader implementation of thermoacoustic technology, experts have intensified efforts to develop thermoacoustic electricity generators. Various electrodynamic transduction mechanisms, such as the linear electrodynamic alternator (Gonen and Grossman, 2014;Bi et al, 2017), liquid column (Castrejón-Pita and Huelsz, 2007;Murti et al, 2023), and bi-directional turbine (Timmer and van der Meer, 2019;2020), have been implemented. Recently, flywheel-crank-based mechanisms (Biwa et al, 2020;Penelet et al, 2021) using rotational alternators and liquid-metalbased triboelectric nanogenerators (Zhu et al, 2021) have been reported as acoustic loads for converting heat into electricity through thermoacoustic conversion.…”