Analysis of Nd:YAG laser‐mediated thermal damage in rabbit nasal septal cartilage

Li, Chao; Protsenko, Dmitriy E.; Zemek, Allison; Chae, Yongseok; Wong, Brian J. F.

doi:10.1002/lsm.20514

Cited by 28 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thermography was also used to follow temperature rise during laser exposures of cartilage material at powers consistent with clinical reshaping. 14 In that study, fluorescence damage detection using confocal microscopy identified regions of dead chondrocytes but there was no correlation between temperature history and threshold cellular death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage

Denton¹,

Noojin²,

Foltz³

et al. 2011

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Abstract. We measured threshold temperatures for cell death resulting from short (0.1-1.0 s) 514-nm laser exposures using an in vitro retinal model. Real-time thermal imaging at sub-cellular resolution provides temperature information that is spatially correlated with cells at the boundary of cell death, as indicate by post-exposure fluorescence images. Our measurements indicate markedly similar temperatures, not only around individual boundaries (single exposure), but among all exposures of the same duration in a laser irradiance-independent fashion. Two different methods yield similar threshold temperatures with low variance. Considering the experimental uncertainties associated with the thermal camera, an average peak temperature of 53 ± 2• C is found for laser exposures of 0.1, 0.25, and 1.0 s. Additionally, we find a linear relationship between laser exposure duration and time-averaged integrated temperature. The mean thermal profiles for cells at the boundary of death were assessed using the Arrhenius rate law using parameter sets (frequency factor and energy of activation) found in three different articles. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage

Denton¹,

Noojin²,

Foltz³

et al. 2011

J. Biomed. Opt.

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“…Regardless of the precise mechanism of action, a major concern with LCR focuses on the potential thermal injury to the chondrocytes during photothermal heating. While temperature dependent thermal injury has been studied using many different laser and other heating systems in ex vivo animal cartilages [5–9], no studies have systematically evaluated the effects of laser dosimetry on human nasal septal cartilage. This information is critically important, especially if LCR is to gain broader clinical acceptance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many techniques can be used to assess chondrocyte viability [10,11], however gauging acute thermal injury may be best accomplished using a Live/Dead viability assay system combined with laser confocal microscopy [12–15]. Recent studies on laser mediated shape change and resultant tissue viability using the Live/Dead assay approach demonstrated that significant thermal damage is concurrent with clinically relevant shape change on animal septal cartilage [7–9]. These studies are at variance with previous hypothesis that there is a privileged laser dosimetry parameter where clinically relevant shape change and tissue viability coexist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of human septal cartilage after 1.45 µm diode laser irradiation

et al. 2008

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Background and Objectives Chondrocyte viability following laser irradiation and reshaping has not been established for human nasal septal cartilage. Knowledge of the relationship between thermal injury and laser dosimetry is needed in order to optimize septal laser cartilage reshaping. The objective of this study was to determine the depth and width of thermal injury in human septal cartilage following laser irradiation. Study Design/Materials and Methods Excess fresh nasal septal cartilage sections from rhinoplasty or septoplasty operations were irradiated using a 1.45 μm diode laser 1.25–3.6 W (2.8 mm spot diameter) with 1 second fixed exposure time, and then at exposure times of 1–4 seconds for a fixed power of 1.25 W. An infrared camera recorded surface temperature profiles during irradiation, and the temperature data were incorporated into a rate process model to numerically estimate thermal damage. Calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-1 fluorescent dyes combined with confocal laser microscopy (CLM) were used to measure thermal damage. Results CLM demonstrated clear demarcation between dead and living cells following irradiation. The extent of non-viable chondrocyte distributions increased with power and exposure time. The maximum depths of injury were 1,012 and 1,372 μm after 3.6 W 1 second and 1.25 W 4 seconds irradiation respectively. The damage predictions made by the rate process model underestimated thermal injury when compared with CLM measurements. Conclusions The assay system identified regions of non-viable chondrocytes in human septal cartilage and defined how thermal injury varies with dosimetry when using a 1.45 μm diode laser.

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“…Other types of cooling materials have been used such as cryogen spray [17]. The purpose of this cold water is to prevent overheating of the cartilage as this thermal injury is inevitable in some author's opinion [18]. Brian Wong and his team studied this thermal effect and observed a direct relationship between laser dosimetry and tissue damage [19].…”

Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diode laser (980nm) cartilage reshaping

et al. 2011

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Loss of facial or ear cartilage due to trauma or surgery is a major challenge to the otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons as the complicated geometric contours are difficult to be animated. Diode laser (980 nm) has been proven effective in reshaping and maintaining the new geometric shape achieved by laser. This study focused on determining the optimum laser parameters needed for cartilage reshaping with a controlled water cooling system. Harvested animal cartilages were angulated with different degrees and irradiated with different diode laser powers (980nm, 4x8mm spot size). The cartilage specimens were maintained in a deformation angle for two hours after irradiation then released for another two hours. They were serially measured and photographed. High-power Diode laser irradiation with water cooling is a cheep and effective method for reshaping the cartilage needed for reconstruction of difficult situations in otorhinolaryngologic surgery.

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Analysis of Nd:YAG laser‐mediated thermal damage in rabbit nasal septal cartilage

Abstract: These results demonstrate that significant thermal damage is concurrent with clinically relevant shape change. This contradicts previous notions that there is a privileged laser dosimetry parameter where clinically relevant shape change and tissue viability coexist.

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage

Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage

Viability of human septal cartilage after 1.45 µm diode laser irradiation

Diode laser (980nm) cartilage reshaping

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