Analysis of neutral steroid sulfates by glass capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from blood of a patient with paraquat poisoning

Ludwig-Köhn, Helga; Sziedat, Astrid; Matthaei, D.; Henning, Hans

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(82)90058-4

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Various methods have been developed to analyze PQ in plasma such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 25 , 26 ], GC-mass-spectrometry (MS) [ 27 – 30 ], and HPLC-MS [ 31 , 32 ]. HPLC is accurate, simple, rapid, inexpensive, and more suitable for dynamic monitoring of plasma PQ level [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearance Rate and BP-ANN Model in Paraquat Poisoned Patients Treated with Hemoperfusion

Hong

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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In order to investigate the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) on the clearance rate of paraquat (PQ) and develop a clearance model, 41 PQ-poisoned patients who acquired acute PQ intoxication received HP treatment. PQ concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to initial PQ concentration, study subjects were divided into two groups: Low-PQ group (0.05–1.0 μg/mL) and High-PQ group (1.0–10 μg/mL). After initial HP treatment, PQ concentrations decreased in both groups. However, in the High-PQ group, PQ levels remained in excess of 0.05 μg/mL and increased when the second HP treatment was initiated. Based on the PQ concentrations before and after HP treatment, the mean clearance rate of PQ calculated was 73 ± 15%. We also established a backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model, which set PQ concentrations before HP treatment as input data and after HP treatment as output data. When it is used to predict PQ concentration after HP treatment, high prediction accuracy (R = 0.9977) can be obtained in this model. In conclusion, HP is an effective way to clear PQ from the blood, and the PQ concentration after HP treatment can be predicted by BP-ANN model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearance Rate and BP-ANN Model in Paraquat Poisoned Patients Treated with Hemoperfusion

Hong

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…NaBH 4 or NaBH 4 –NiCl 2 ) of PQ is required in order to achieve more volatile compounds for the GC analysis (Draffan et al , ; Kawase et al , ; de Almeida and Yonamine, ; Posecion et al , ). Paraquat has been analyzed by GC/MS in plasma (Draffan et al , ; Kawase et al , ; de Almeida and Yonamine, ), whole antemortem blood (Ludwig‐Kohn et al , ; Kawase et al , ) and urine (Draffan et al , ; Kawase et al , ; de Almeida and Yonamine, ). A research group (de Almeida and Yonamine, ) described an efficient extraction procedure on C 18 cartridges for plasma and urine followed by GC/MS analysis that was simpler and faster than previous GC methods (Draffan et al , ; Kawase et al , ), since no deproteinization procedure was necessary and the conditions of chemical reduction of analytes were totally optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature

Moreira

Pinho

Baltazar

et al. 2011

Biomedical Chromatography

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Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide implicated in numerous fatalities, mainly caused by voluntary ingestion. Several methods have been used to quantify PQ in plasma and urine samples of intoxicated humans as a predictor of clinical outcome. There is no validated method for the analysis of PQ in postmortem samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an analytical method, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) after solid-phase extraction, to quantify PQ in postmortem samples, namely in whole blood, urine, liver, lung and kidney, to cover the routes of distribution, accumulation and elimination of PQ. The method proved to be selective as there were no interferences of endogenous compounds with the same retention time as PQ and ethyl paraquat (internal standard). The regression analysis for PQ was linear in the range 0-10 µg/mL. The detection limits ranged from 0.0076 µg/mL for urine to 0.047 µg/mL for whole blood, and the recoveries were suitable for forensic analysis. The proposed GC-IT/MS method provided an accurate and simple assay with adequate precision and recovery for the quantification of PQ in postmortem samples. The proof of applicability was performed in two fatal PQ intoxications. A review of the analytical methods for the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides is also provided for a better understanding of the presently available techniques.

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“…Paraquat and diquat are widely used as non‐selective contact herbicides. Because of their extreme toxicity to humans, they have been encountered in accidental, suicidal and homicidal poisonings 1–7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been reported for the determination of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) with gas chromatography (GC),8 GC/mass spectrometry (MS),5 high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),9–14 HPLC/MS,15–17 capillary electrophoresis (CE),18–20 CE/MS and CE/MS/MS21 in various matrices. PQ and DQ are usually separated by adding ion‐pair reagents, such as sodium heptanesulfonate,9 sodium octanesulfonate11 or potassium bromide,13 to the mobile phase for HPLC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of paraquat and diquat in human body fluids by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2004

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Paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in human whole blood and urine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI). The compounds were extracted with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges from whole blood and urine samples containing ethyl paraquat as an internal standard. The separation of PQ and DQ was carried out using ion-pair chromatography with heptafluorobutyric acid in 20 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile gradient elution for successful coupling with MS. Both compounds formed base peaks due to [M-H]+ ions by HPLC/ESI-MS and the product ions produced from each [M-H]+ ion by HPLC/MS/MS. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) showed much higher sensitivity for both body fluids. Therefore, a detailed procedure for the detection of compounds by SRM with HPLC/MS/MS was established and carefully validated. The recoveries of PQ and DQ were 80.8-95.4% for whole blood and 84.2-96.7% for urine. The calibration curves for PQ and DQ showed excellent linearity in the range of 25-400 ng ml(-1) of whole blood and urine. The detection limits were 10 ng ml(-1) for PQ and 5 ng ml(-1) for DQ in both body fluids. The intra- and inter-day precision for both compounds in whole blood and urine samples were not greater than 13.0%. The data obtained from the determination of PQ and DQ in rat blood after oral administration of the compounds are also presented.

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Analysis of neutral steroid sulfates by glass capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from blood of a patient with paraquat poisoning

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Clearance Rate and BP-ANN Model in Paraquat Poisoned Patients Treated with Hemoperfusion

Clearance Rate and BP-ANN Model in Paraquat Poisoned Patients Treated with Hemoperfusion

Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature

Determination of paraquat and diquat in human body fluids by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

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