Analysis of Nicotine Metabolites in Hair and Nails Using QuEChERS Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Kim, Junhee; Cho, Hyun-Deok; Suh, Joon Hyuk; Lee, Jiyoun; Lee, Eun-Young; Jin, Chang Hwa; Wang, Yu; Cha, Sangwon; Im, Hosub; Han, Sang Beom

doi:10.3390/molecules25081763

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Triple quadrupole MS system was mainly used in most of the methods (except one that used a single quadrupole system), and the analyses were performed under multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization (Abdallah et al, 2016; Abu‐Awwad et al, 2016; Chang et al, 2015; El Mubarak et al, 2020; Fan et al, 2008; Fischer et al, 2015; Gabr et al, 2011; Habibagahi et al, 2021; Inukai et al, 2018; Jin et al, 2012; Kaisar et al, 2017; Kataoka et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2020; Kuhn et al, 2012; Li et al, 2017; Liachenko et al, 2015; Liu et al, 2019; Mao et al, 2015; Meger et al, 2002; Oh et al, 2020; Pellegrini et al, 2007; Perez‐Ortuno et al, 2015; Piller et al, 2014; Quintana et al, 2019; Stolker et al, 2003; Tretzel et al, 2016; You et al, 2016; Yuan et al, 2013) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (Jacob et al, 2011; Kim & Huestis, 2006). Nicotine‐d3, nicotine‐d4, cotinine‐d3, and cotinine‐d9 were the commonly used internal standards (ISs).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly half of the published studies used SPE for sample preparation (Baumann et al, 2010; Byrd et al, 2005; Dobrinas et al, 2011; Earla et al, 2014; Fischer et al, 2015; Gray et al, 2008; Heavner et al, 2005; Kim & Huestis, 2006; Kim et al, 2020; Marchei et al, 2008; Miller et al, 2010; Moyer et al, 2002; Pacifici et al, 1993; Paniagua‐Gonzalez et al, 2018; Piller et al, 2014; Quintana et al, 2019; Scheidweiler et al, 2012; Shakleya & Huestis, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c; Shu & Wang, 2013; Tretzel et al, 2016; Vieira‐Brock et al, 2011; Xia et al, 2011; Xu et al, 2004; You et al, 2016; Yue et al, 2010). These researchers chose water, acid (hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and trichloroacetic acid), and alkaline (NH 4 OH) and organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, hexane and hexane‐ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, chloroform, and acetone) to purify the samples loaded on the cation‐exchange SPE cartridge (Baumann et al, 2010; Dobrinas et al, 2011; Earla et al, 2014; Fischer et al, 2015; Miller et al, 2010; Piller et al, 2014; Shakleya & Huestis, 2009b; Shu & Wang, 2013; Xia et al, 2011; You et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of HPLC–MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices

Jin

Pang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Biomedical Chromatography

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In recent years, tobacco smoking is a risk factor for a series of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and cancers. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco smoke, is mainly transformed to its active metabolite cotinine, which is often used as a biomarker for tobacco exposure for its higher blood concentration and longer residence time than nicotine. Various analytical methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biological matrices. This article reviewed the HPLC-MS based methods for nicotine and/or cotinine analysis in various biological matrices. The sample preparation, mass and chromatographic conditions, and method validation results of these methods have been summarized and analyzed. The sample was mainly pretreated by protein precipitation and/or extraction.Separation was achieved using methanol and/or acetonitrile:water (with or without ammonium acetate) on C18 columns and acetonitrile:water (with formic acid, ammonium acetate/formate) on HILIC columns. Nicotine-d3, nicotine-d4, and cotinine-d3 were commonly used internal standards (ISs). Other non-deuterated ISs such as ritonavir, N-ethylnorcotinine, and milrinone were also used. For both nicotine and cotinine, the calibration range was 0.005-35,000 ng/mL, the matrix effect was 75.96-126.8%, and the recovery was 53-124.5%. The two analytes were stable at room temperature for 1-10 days, at À80 C for up to 6 months, and after three to six freeze-thaw cycles.Comedications did not affect nicotine and cotinine analyses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of HPLC–MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices

Jin

Pang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Commonly used adsorbents include PSA, GCB, Florisil, C18 and NH 2 [29][30][31]. Typically, whole blood samples are complex and contain not only water, proteins, fats, phospholipids, and other substances, but also red and white blood cells and other blood constituents, all of which impact drug detection.…”

Section: Optimization Of Purification Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Six Immunosuppressants in Human Whole Blood by HPLC-MS/MS Using a Modified QuEChERS Method

et al. 2022

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A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus in human whole blood by optimizing the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) preparation method. Whole blood was extracted into ethyl acetate, salted out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and purified with ethylenediamine-N-propyl silane adsorbent. The supernatant was evaporated under nitrogen until dry and finally reconstituted in methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column in methanol (mobile phase A)-water (optimized for 0.1% acetic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate, mobile phase B) at a 0.3 mL·min−1 flow rate. Electrospray ionization and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring were used for detection. The time for of analysis was 13 min. The calibration curves range of tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus were in the range of 1–100 ng·mL−1, mycophenolate mofetil in the range of 0.1–10 ng·mL−1 and mycophenolic acid at 10–1000 ng·mL−1. All correlation coefficients were >0.993. The coefficients of variation (CV, %) for inter-day and intra-day precision were less than 10%, while the spiked recoveries were in the range of 92.1% to 116%. Our method was rapid, sensitive, specific, and reproducible for the simultaneous determination of six immunosuppressants in human whole blood. Importantly, our approach can be used to monitor drug concentrations in the blood to facilitate disease treatment.

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“…So far, the determination of nicotine using LC-MS/MS has been described in various biological matrices, e.g., urine, [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], plasma and serum [25,[45][46][47][48], saliva [37,42,47], and hair [49][50][51][52][53]. The LOD values reported for nicotine are most often in the range 1.00-10.0 ng mL −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and New RP-HPLC-DAD System Utilizing the Chaotropic Effect for Determination of Nicotine and Its Major Metabolites Cotinine, and trans-3′-Hydroxycotinine in Human Plasma Samples

et al. 2022

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The routine techniques currently applied for the determination of nicotine and its major metabolites, cotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, in biological fluids, include spectrophotometric, immunoassays, and chromatographic techniques. The aim of this study was to develop, and compare two new chromatographic methods high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS), and RP-HPLC enriched with chaotropic additives, which would allow reliable confirmation of tobacco smoke exposure in toxicological and epidemiological studies. The concentrations of analytes were determined in human plasma as the sample matrix. The methods were compared in terms of the linearity, accuracy, repeatability, detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ), and recovery. The obtained validation parameters met the ICH requirements for both proposed procedures. However, the limits of detection (LOD) were much better for HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS (0.07 ng mL−1 for trans-3′-hydroxcotinine; 0.02 ng mL−1 for cotinine; 0.04 ng mL−1 for nicotine) in comparison to the RP-HPLC-DAD enriched with chaotropic additives (1.47 ng mL−1 for trans-3′-hydroxcotinine; 1.59 ng mL−1 for cotinine; 1.50 ng mL−1 for nicotine). The extraction efficiency (%) was concentration-dependent and ranged between 96.66% and 99.39% for RP-HPLC-DAD and 76.8% to 96.4% for HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. The usefulness of the elaborated analytical methods was checked on the example of the analysis of a blood sample taken from a tobacco smoker. The nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine contents in the smoker’s plasma quantified by the RP-HPLC-DAD method differed from the values measured by the HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. However, the relative errors of measurements were smaller than 10% (6.80%, 6.72%, 2.04% respectively).

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Analysis of Nicotine Metabolites in Hair and Nails Using QuEChERS Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Review of HPLC–MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices

Review of HPLC–MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices

Simultaneous Determination of Six Immunosuppressants in Human Whole Blood by HPLC-MS/MS Using a Modified QuEChERS Method

Application of HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and New RP-HPLC-DAD System Utilizing the Chaotropic Effect for Determination of Nicotine and Its Major Metabolites Cotinine, and trans-3′-Hydroxycotinine in Human Plasma Samples

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