Analysis of NO3interception of the parasitic angiospermOrobanchespp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and13NO−3: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO3interception ratio

Kawachi, Naoki; Fujimaki, Shu; Sakamoto, Koichi; Ishioka, Noriko S.; Matsuhashi, S.; Sekimoto, Hitoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00252.x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While recent work has shown that the xylem-feeding hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor cannot access N fixed by its legume host [15], the situation is less clear in phloem-feeding holoparasites like O. minor , with the assumption being that fixed N must cycle through the xylem to the phloem before being abstracted by the parasite [16]. However, rapid N transfer from a red clover ( Trifolium pratense ) host to O. minor without apparent cycling through the host shoot has been documented [17]. The parasite could abstract a majority of the 13 NO 3 − fed to parasitised roots, while abstraction from non-parasitised roots was negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its host, red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) is a widely used forage crop globally. As such, this pair represents a suitable model system for studies of the host–parasite interaction [17,19]. Given our understanding that holoparasites compete for plant resources, we hypothesised that shifts in host C–N balance would cause changes in the competitive balance in the three-way interaction between host growth, N fixation and the parasite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover–Orobanche Minor Host–Parasite Interaction

Jokinen

Irving

2019

Plants

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Infection by holoparasitic plants typically causes decreases in host mass, thought to be primarily as a result of resource abstraction. Inverse relationships have been noted between the number of Orobanche spp. parasites infecting a host and their mass, suggesting that the parasites compete for a shared resource pool, assumed to be recently fixed carbon (C). In clover, nitrogen (N) fixation requires a high proportion of daily photosynthate and represents a potential competitor for recently fixed C. We grew Trifolium pratense, either singly or parasitised by Orobanche minor, under high or low light levels, and with or without exogenous N supply. Low light and N deficiency led to decreased host biomass, while the damage caused by parasitism was proportionate to host mass. Parasitism caused reductions in host leaf mass, area, photosynthetic rates and shoot N concentration, but did not affect starch accumulation. Parasite mass as a proportion of system biomass was significantly higher when attached to plants grown at high light, which was attributed to higher photoassimilate supply, while the N supply had no effect. While both N limitation and parasitism caused reductions in host growth, little evidence of competition for C between N fixation and the parasites was noted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover–Orobanche Minor Host–Parasite Interaction

Jokinen

Irving

2019

Plants

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“…Holoparasites depend on their host for carbon and nitrogen resources to grow and develop (Kawachi et al, 2008; Irving and Cameron, 2009). The flow of these resources from the host to the parasite is the limiting factor for holoparasite growth (Hibberd et al, 1998, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape

et al. 2017

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It is not clear why herbicides targeting aromatic and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis successfully control broomrapes—obligate parasitic plants that obtain all of their nutritional requirements, including amino acids, from the host. Our objective was to reveal the mode of action of imazapic and glyphosate in controlling the broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca and clarify if this obligatory parasite has its own machinery for the amino acids biosynthesis. P. aegyptiaca callus was studied to exclude the indirect influence of the herbicides on the parasite through the host plant. Using HRT – tomato plants resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, it was shown that imazapic is translocated from the foliage of treated plants to broomrape attachments on its roots and controls the parasite. Both herbicides inhibited P. aegyptiaca callus growth and altered the free amino acid content. Blasting of Arabidopsis thaliana 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) cDNA against the genomic DNA of P. aegyptiaca yielded a single copy of each homolog in the latter, with about 78 and 75% similarity, respectively, to A. thaliana counterparts at the protein level. We also show for the first time that both EPSPS and ALS are active in P. aegyptiaca callus and flowering shoots and are inhibited by glyphosate and imazapic, respectively. Thus leading to deficiency of those amino acids in the parasite tissues and ultimately, death of the parasite, indicating the ability of P. aegyptiaca to synthesize branched-chain and aromatic amino acids through the activity of ALS and EPSPS, respectively.

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“…2001) and red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) with a parasitic plant Orobanche sp. (Kawachi et al. 2008) has been visualized as real‐time images and analyzed with PETIS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transport of nitrogen nutrition in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Kiyomiya et al 2001), soybean (Glycine max L.) (Ohtake et al 2001) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with a parasitic plant Orobanche sp. (Kawachi et al 2008) has been visualized as real-time images and analyzed with PETIS. Quantitative analyses with mathematical models are also applicable to PETIS data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time imaging of nitrogen fixation in an intact soybean plant with nodules using¹³N-labeled nitrogen gas

Ishii

Suzui

Ito

et al. 2009

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Real‐time images of nitrogen fixation in an intact nodule of hydroponically cultured soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) were obtained. In the present study, we developed a rapid method to produce and purify 13N‐labeled radioactive nitrogen gas (half life: 9.97 min). 13N was produced from a 16O (p, α) 13N nuclear reaction. The target chamber was filled with CO2 and irradiated for 10 min with protons at an energy of 18.3 MeV and an electric current of 5 μA, which was delivered from a cyclotron. All CO2 in the collected gas was absorbed and removed with powdered soda‐lime in a syringe and replaced with helium gas. The resulting gas was injected into gas chromatography and separated and a 35 mL fraction, including the peak of [13N]‐nitrogen gas, was collected by monitoring the chromatogram. The obtained gas was mixed with 10 mL of O2 and 5 mL of N2 and used in the tracer experiment. The tracer gas was fed into the underground part of intact nodulated soybean plants and serial images of the distribution of 13N were obtained non‐invasively using a positron‐emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). The rates of nitrogen fixation of the six test plants were estimated to be 0.17 ± 0.10 μmol N2 h−1 from the PETIS image data. The decreasing rates of assimilated nitrogen were also estimated to be 0.012 ± 0.011 μmol N2 h−1. In conclusion, we successfully observed nitrogen fixation in soybean plants with nodules non‐invasively and quantitatively using [13N]N2 and PETIS.

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Analysis of NO₃interception of the parasitic angiospermOrobanchespp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and¹³NO⁻₃: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO₃interception ratio

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover–Orobanche Minor Host–Parasite Interaction

Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover–Orobanche Minor Host–Parasite Interaction

The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape

Real-time imaging of nitrogen fixation in an intact soybean plant with nodules using¹³N-labeled nitrogen gas

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Analysis of NO3interception of the parasitic angiospermOrobanchespp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and13NO−3: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO3interception ratio

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover–Orobanche Minor Host–Parasite Interaction

Effects of Light Level and Nitrogen Supply on the Red Clover–Orobanche Minor Host–Parasite Interaction

The Effects of Herbicides Targeting Aromatic and Branched Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis Support the Presence of Functional Pathways in Broomrape

Real-time imaging of nitrogen fixation in an intact soybean plant with nodules using13N-labeled nitrogen gas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Analysis of NO₃interception of the parasitic angiospermOrobanchespp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and¹³NO⁻₃: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO₃interception ratio

Real-time imaging of nitrogen fixation in an intact soybean plant with nodules using¹³N-labeled nitrogen gas