Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes

Effect of the anode material, applied current and reactor configuration on the atenolol toxicity during an electrooxidation process

“…2 shows that, in the absence of ATL, the EC 50 (5 days) of Na 2 SO 4 towards Lactuca sativa , i.e., the effective concentration that leads to a 50%-relative root growth, is between 4 and 6 g L −1 for the three pH values analyzed. This result is consistent with the value obtained in a previous work [ 25 ], where the EC 50 (5 days) of Na 2 SO 4 towards Lactuca sativa was calculated to be 4.8 g L −1 at a pH of 6.5.…”

“…Only samples of pH = 2 were very toxic towards Lactuca sativa as any seed germinated. This behavior of toxicity values versus pH was also observed in a previous work [ 25 ], where the effect of pH on the Norfloxacin toxicity was studied; and it is in accordance with the biologically active pH interval, i.e., 5.5 to 8.0.…”

“…In fact, Na 2 SO 4 produces a rise in the toxicity of the solution towards Lactuca sativa ; and, as the concentration of Na 2 SO 4 rises, the value of the ATL concentration that shows a 50%-relative root growth rate decreases leading to higher toxicity values. This behavior was also detected in a previous work [ 25 ] where toxicity of Norfloxacin was analyzed using Na 2 SO 4 as a supporting electrolyte.…”

Electrochemical properties of roots determine antibiotic adsorption on roots

“…The inhibition of root elongation is a valid and sensitive indicator of environmental toxicity ( Heberle et al., 2019 ; Montañés et al., 2020 ). The effect of antibiotic types on phytotoxicity was presented in Figure 4A .…”

Solar Photoelectro-Fenton-Like Process with Anodically-Generated HClO in a Flow Reactor: Norfloxacin as a Pollutant with a Particular Structure

“…11 shows that the initial toxicity value (i.e., once the NFX was spiked into the wastewater), in terms of EC50, was 49 mg L -1 . Along the electrolysis, the toxicity remained almost constant during the first 240 min (i.e., EC50 of 53 mg L -1 ), which suggests the formation of byproducts with a similar toxicity for the fluorescent bacteria [57,58]. Conversely, the solution became much less toxic toward the end of the treatment, reaching a final EC50 of 91.3 mg L -1 .…”