Analysis of Nosocomial Infections in Selected Teaching Hospitals, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Hospital infections prolong patient hospitalization, necessitate additional treatment, increase mortality rate, raise hospital expenses, and even reduce the level of health in the society. The purpose of this research was to study hospital infections in selected hospitals of Qazvin. Methods and Materials: This was an analytic-cross-sectional study. The research population consisted of 25,628 hospitalized patients in the first eight months of 2012 in three selected hospitals of the Qazvin Province. The algorithm of reporting hospital infections, the National Program of Controlling Hospital Infections, and 223 patient files hospitalized due to hospital-acquired infections were used to collect information. The collected information was analyzed using the SPSS V. 17 software; the descriptive statistics was used to analyze the qualitative variables; and the descriptive statistics together with chi-square and t-test were employed for the quantitative variables. Results: The ICU units had the most cases of hospital infections. Respiratory pneumonia and urinary infections topped the list of hospital infections. The most invasive treatments carried out on patients with hospital infections were surgery, urinary catheter, and venous catheter, respectively. More than 50 percent of patients with hospital infections were hospitalized for 2 to 21 days. Results and Conclusions: Because of the high rate of hospital infections, especially in the ICU ward, authorities must give top priority in their plans to designing suitable educational programs to inform hospital staff and patients of hospital infections and to provide suitable resources for dealing with this problem.

Using the Health Belief Model to Understand School Nurse Asthma Management

“…The studies of Brinsley et al (2005) who associated perceived susceptibility and severity with behaviors contributing to antimicrobial resistance, Lewis and Thompson (2009) who associated perceived susceptibility with infection control, and Boyer (2008) who associated self-efficacy with adult obesity management provide reinforce the usefulness of this model. More in-depth research is needed to explore provider behavior, including school nurses, which may result in improved patient outcomes.…”

“…Focus groups revealed that physicians in the study had low perceived susceptibility, as they did not feel antimicrobial resistance was a problem in their institutions, and had low perceived severity as they ranked several other health care issues in their hospitals as more challenging than antimicrobial resistance. Lewis and Thompson (2009) used the HBM to understand lack of compliance with infection control practices of health care providers. Perceived susceptibility was found to be the most influential variable.…”

The frequency of hospital-acquired infections in Mousavi Hospital Zanjan, Iran

“…4 Farzianpour et al also identified that the majority of HAIs in their study in three teaching hospitals in Qazvin Province, Iran, developed among ICU patients. 7 Salamati et al found that the highest proportion of paediatric HAIs occurred in the NICU (40%), followed by the neonatal surgery ward (35%) and the neonatal ward (25%). 12 The low rate of HAIs observed in this study could be due to good infection control practices with continuous surveillance, and the health education program provided for the hospital staff.…”

“…Farzianpour et al identified pneumonia and UTIs as their most common HAIs. 7 Ding et al reported that lower respiratory tract infections accounted for most of the infections (68.4%) in their ICU, followed by UTIs (15.9%), bloodstream infection (5.9%), and gastrointestinal tract infection (2.5%). 3 Hajibagheri et al determined that 30 to 50% of HAIs were pneumonia related to mechanical ventilation in the ICU of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran.…”

“…2,[4][5][6] It can also increase the patient's hospitalisation and expenses. 7 The treatment of HAIs is expensive. More than half of these HAIs can be controlled and prevented.…”