Controlling
the charge types of metal clusters on supports is of
great importance in designing a noble-metal-free catalyst. Here, we
designed two different types of N-doped graphene surfaces, the graphitic-like
nitrogen-doped graphene G
nN and the pyridinic-like
nitrogen-doped graphene G
nN,n′V. We found that in the Au28/G
nN system, the Au atoms interact with C atoms. However,
in the Au28/G
nN,n′V system, the Au atoms interact with the N atoms. Specifically,
the different bonding modes result in the charge state of the Au cluster
being negative on the G
nN surface, whereas
on the G
nN,n′V surface, the Au cluster is of positive charge. Therefore, it is
possible to change the type of carbon–nitrogen bonding structure
to control the charge types of gold clusters on nitrogen-doped graphene.
In these two systems, the O2 molecules prefer to be activated
at the unsaturated and electron-rich bridge sites of the Au cluster.
O2 adsorption further enhances the charge transfer along
the original directions at the Au28 cluster/N-doped graphene
substrate interfaces. However, the charge states of Au clusters slightly
affect the activation of O–O bonds. The negatively charged
Au cluster surface (Au28/G
nN) exhibits better catalytic activity to CO oxidation under the trimolecular
Eley–Rideal (3ER) mechanism and electrocatalytic reduction
of CO2 compared with the positively charged Au cluster
surface (Au28/G
nN,n′V). Our results are beneficial for accelerating the
industrial application of nanometer-sized gold catalysts and provide
a theoretical basis for the design and development of new catalysts.