Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Various Vegetable Oils Collected in Chinese Markets

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chemicals frequently used in agriculture, are a group of highly toxic and persistent organic pollutants. This study assesses the distribution and congener profiles of residual OCPs in 11 types of vegetable oils collected from Chinese markets. All samples were extracted using the modified QuEChERS method prior to analysis by gas chromatography− triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The sesame oil samples had the highest concentration of OCPs, within the range of 15.30− 59.38 ng/g, whereas the peanut oil samples had the lowest OCP concentrations, within the range of 10.83−35.65 ng/g. The possible effect of the processing technology on the pesticide residues in these vegetable oils was also evaluated. It was found that the pressing method leaves more OCPs in vegetable oils than the aqueous extraction and cold-pressing, but the result for leaching was not obvious. In light of the obtained results, it was estimated that the average daily intake of different pesticides is between 0.01 and 2.20 ng/kg bw/day for urban and rural households. Hence, it can be affirmed that, given the amount of the concentration of OCPs detected in the vegetable oils collected from Chinese markets, there are no obvious health risks for urban and rural households by intake.

Modification and validation of the simultaneous detection of 38 pesticide residues method by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with QuEChERS extraction in different oil crops and products

“…Pesticides are intended to control pests in crop plantings, and they are inevitably used in the process of oil crop planting and production. Several pesticides have been found in plant oils, such as HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexane), 3 DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), 4 Aldicarb, 5 and so on. The excessive application of pesticides poses a great threat to the environment and food 2 .…”

Ketoenamine Covalent Organic Framework Coating for Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction of Trace Organochlorine Pesticides

“…However, OCPs are highly resistant to decomposition and can persist in the environment and organisms for a long time after extensive use. , Estimations have shown that the half-life of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in soil is more than 20 years . Prolonged exposure has a broad effect on human health due to OCPs’ high solubility in fat and bioaccumulation and bioamplification in animal tissues. − Many studies have reported a potential association between OCP exposure and the risk of developing various cancers (e.g., breast, lung, skin, pancreas, and liver), leukemia, and lymphoma. − Over the years, regulations have restricted or even prohibited the use of OCPs, one of which is the Stockholm Convention adopted by the United Nations Environment Programme. Legislation has largely protected the environment and prevented an increase in OCP levels, but not all countries and people abide by these prohibitions.…”

Utilizing High-Throughput Screening Data, Integrative Toxicological Prioritization Index Score, and Exposure–Activity Ratios for Chemical Prioritization: A Case Study of Endocrine-Active Pesticides in Food Crops

“…9,10 The annual use of pesticides was estimated to be 6 × 10 8 kg in the United States and 2.6 × 10 9 kg worldwide. 11 Organophosphate and chlorinated pesticides have been extensively used on various food crops; 12,13 however, the pesticide residue data are often reported in individual food categories, such as vegetables, 14 fruits, 15 and crops. 16 Aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides via a dietary route would better characterize the pesticide exposure to the general population.…”

“…Dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants (i.e., via food or water), including some endocrine-active pesticides, is an exposure route of major concern to the general public, which accounts for over 90% of the total chemical exposure. , The annual use of pesticides was estimated to be 6 × 10 8 kg in the United States and 2.6 × 10 9 kg worldwide . Organophosphate and chlorinated pesticides have been extensively used on various food crops; , however, the pesticide residue data are often reported in individual food categories, such as vegetables, fruits, and crops . Aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides via a dietary route would better characterize the pesticide exposure to the general population.…”