Analysis of Oxidative Stress Markers Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Nitric Oxide, and Prorenin Level in Preeclampsia Placental Tissues

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia was a syndrome of hypertension proteinuria in pregnant women. In failure of pseudo vasculogenesis, there is persistency of endothelial and smooth muscle cell of vessel wall in spiral artery. Spiral artery could not be emphasis and lead to relative hypoxia, and oxidative stress in placental tissues. Endothelial cell has property to produce nitric oxide (NO) that can dilated vessel. Placenta also produces prorenin, to maintain vascular wall tonicity. Therefore, we want to uncover the property of placenta is there any capacity of prorenin, is that prorenin could overcome the NO level, or is there any depression of NO production, and any oxidative stress.Methods: This observational study was used case-control design. We search preeclampsia cases during September-December 2015. We used preeclampsia placentas from early and late onset. We collect preeclampsia placentas from Cipto Mangunkusumo and normal placentas from Budi Kemuliaan Hospital. We used 30 preeclampsia placentas and 30 normal placentas. Markers measured were NO and prorenin. NO was measured using colorimetric assay kit (K262-200/ BioVision), and prorenin was measured using human prorenin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ab157525/ Abcam). Glutathione (GSH) was measured using Ellman method and malondialdehyde (MDA) using Wills method. Results:Prorenin concentration between normal and preeclampsia placenta was analyzed using Mann-Whitney and show that there had no significant difference between preeclampsia and normal placentas (p=0.23). Besides, NO data analyzed using independent t-test show significant differences between preeclampsia and normal placentas (p=0.001). The difference between normal and preeclampsia GSH concentration was not significant (p=0.757), besides the difference between normal and preeclampsia MDA concentration was significant (p=0.000).Conclusion: NO concentration in preeclampsia placenta was increase, higher than normal placenta. There was no effect of preeclampsia on prorenin concentration and GSH. There was marked decrease of MDA in preeclampsia placentas.

Assessing the impact of Glutathione on maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders: A case-control study

“…Multiple recent studies supported our research findings, either they performed in plasma or erythrocyte; both samples showed decreased GSH level in pregnancy-induced hypertensive groups compared to the normotensive group 14,20 . However, some researchers came up with different results and observed no difference in the level of GSH in a PE and standard group in the same direction, no significant difference in the level of GSH in erythrocyte sample of severe and mild PE female than normal pregnant female 16,21 . Previously a substantially high level of GSH in placental and decidual tissues found in the PE group than normotensive 15 .…”

Correlation between malondialdehyde level and FOXO3 and CASP3 mRNA expression changed in early-onset preeclampsia placenta

“…It is caused by high ROS synthesis due to active metabolism in mitochondria [18]. The opposite result is shown by Prijanti et al that showed a decrease of MDA levels in preeclampsia placental samples [12].…”

“…Sahay et al showed that MDA levels in preeclamptic placentas were higher than normal placentas, implying that ROS increase in the preeclamptic placenta [11]. In contrast, Prijanti et al showed that the MDA levels of preeclamptic placentas were lower than those of the normal placenta [12]. Nonetheless, both studies were conducted on preeclamptic placentas.…”

Spirulina platensis effect on oxidative stress of rat’s offspring brain exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and lactation

“…After that, 400 μL of 0.67% thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was added to the supernatant and heated at 96°C for 10 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the absorbance was measured at 530 nm using a spectrophotometer [9].…”

“…Then, as much as 1750 μL phosphate buffer and 25 μL DNTB were added into the supernatant, and was incubated in the dark place at room temperature for 1 hour. After that, the absorbance was measured at 412 nm using a spectrophotometer [9].…”