Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables after Cleanup with Solid-Phase Extraction Using ENV+ (Polystyrene−Divinylbenzene) Cartridges

Abstract

A rapid and simple cleanup procedure for the existing multimethod using solid-phase extraction columns to measure pesticide concentrations in fruit and vegetables is presented. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the sample is passed through ENV+, polystyrene-divinylbenzene extraction column, and eluted with ethyl acetate and injected on to capillary GC columns connected to various detectors. The extraction column has the capacity to retain a broad range of pesticides and is widely used in environmental water samples. In this paper, the sample is extracted in an organic solvent. In contrast to what could be expected, it has been found that the column has the capacity to retain pesticides when used as the normal phase.

Modification and re-validation of the ethyl acetate-based multi-residue method for pesticides in produce

“… GC–NPD, FPD 1991 [ 6 ] (dilute) 0.3 ? GC–ECD 5 – 20 10 T Let settle – 10→1 2.5 1–5 GC–FPD/NPD 1992 [ 7 ] 1 5 mL H 2 O (wheat) 0.5 50 – 100 50 T F/Na 2 SO 4 – 0.5 2–8 GC–MS/FPD/ECD 1996 [ 4 ] 50 – 250 100 B F/Na 2 SO 4 – All→100 GPC Eluate→1 1 1 GC–NPD/ECD 1998 [ 8 ] 75 – 200 40 T F/Na 2 SO 4 – 100→5 SPE (ENV+) 3 mL 1.25 2 GC–ITD/ NPD/ECD 1999 [ 9 ] 20 – 100 T See clean-up – Cartridge water abs. Polymer+ GCB/Na 2 SO 4 50→dry→2 ace/hex 1 2 GC–MS, GC–NCI-MS 2001 [ 10 ] GC–FPD LC–PCR-Flu 8 2 g NaHCO 3 50 ...…”

Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction conditions for the determination of organophosphorus insecticides in olive oil

“…As a consequence, the determination of OP insecticide residues in crops has been strictly regulated by governments in all countries, with two basic aims, namely, to detect the presence of forbidden pesticides on a particular commodity and to determine whether the concentrations of the pesticides used exceed their maximum residue limits (MRLs) [1,2]. To achieve a practical and reliable method for the determination of pesticide residues in complex matrices such as food samples, several sample-preparation methods have been developed including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [3], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [4], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [5,6] and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), [7,8]. However, in LLE and SPE large quantities of solvent waste are generated, multiple operation steps are needed, preconcentration of the extract prior to analysis is required and interfering compounds are more likely to be coextracted.…”

Solid-Phase Extraction and Cleanup of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Bovine Muscle with Gas Chromatographic Detection

“…In this study, the use of SPE with Isolute ENV+ columns reduced analysis time without affecting the quality of residue detection and measurement. There have also been other recently published papers in which ENV+ columns were used for cleanup in the pesticide analysis of vegetables (12) and honey (13).…”