Analysis of Petroleum Products and Their Mixtures by Using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy

Distinguishing Gasoline Engine Oils of Different Viscosities Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

“…The indices of the oil samples at 1.0 THz of 1.461-1.479 were higher than reported gasoline indices of 1.407-1.448 [22][23][28][29] and 10% ethanol/gasoline mix of about 1.450 [24]. These differences may make it possible to identify gasoline contamination of the engine oils in this study.…”

“…Many applications of THz spectroscopy have been identified [20][21], including petroleum products. Prior research using THz-time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to distinguish among petroleum and related products includes: three grades of gasoline [22], gasoline and diesel fuel [23], ethanol and gasoline mixtures [24], diesel fuel grades [25], diesel fuel solidifying point [26], biodiesel and base stocks [27], gasoline and diesel fuel [28] inflammable liquids [29], lubricating grease [30], polyglycol oils with water [31], mineral oil with additives [32], six grades of lubricating oil [33], oil base stock and additive [34], and vegetable oils [35][36]. These prior studies demonstrated potential for distinguishing petroleum products, but none evaluated the potential for distinguishing among similar gasoline engine oils of different grades/viscosities.…”

Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy to Discriminate among Water Contamination Levels in Diesel Engine Oil

“…In this study, the values were 1.4781 to 1.4793, with 0% water having the lowest value and 0.2% water having the highest value. These values were higher than the values of 1.240 to 1.375 for three grades of diesel fuel (Zhao et al, 2012c) and 1.455 (Jin et al, 2008) or 1.465 (Arik et al, 2014a) for a single grade of diesel fuel, but they were lower than 1.48 to 1.49 for four vegetable oils (Li, 2010) and 1.475 to 1.62 for five plant oils (Ying et al, 2005). The differences between the refractive indices of diesel engine oil and diesel fuel indicate potential to differentiate concentrations of diesel fuel in diesel engine oil.…”

“…THz-TDS has been used to differentiate among fuelrelated products, including grades of gasoline (Al-Douseri et al, 2006), gasoline and ethanol mixtures (Arik et al, 2014b), gasoline and diesel fuel (Arik et al, 2014a;Jin et al, 2008), diesel fuel grades (Zhao et al, 2012c), diesel fuel solidifying point (Zhao et al, 2012a), and biodiesel and base stocks (Zhao et al, 2012b). Lubricating oil characterization with THz-TDS includes polyglycol oils with water (Gorenflo et al, 2006), mineral oil with additives (Naftaly et al, 2005), six grades of lubricating oil (Tian et al, 2009), oil base stock and additive (Tian et al, 2012), and vegetable oils (Hu et al, 2005;Li, 2010).…”

Акустооптическая Модуляция И Отклонение Электромагнитного Излучения Терагерцевого Диапазона В Неполярных Жидкостях

“…Впервые проведенная систематизация ряда свойств жидкостей поз-волила собрать в таблице данные по АО-характеристикам жидких сред на длине волны λ = 130 µm, а также коэффициентам поглощения мощности α электромагнитного излучения и коэффициентам затухания амплитуды α s акустической волны, нормированным на квадрат часто-ты F ультразвука [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Значения плотности ρ можно найти в тех же работах, в которых приведены значения скорости звука V .…”