Analysis of planar microwave devices using higher order curl‐conforming triangular prismatic finite elements

Abstract

monitored when the pump power was 120 mW. The spectrum stability was measured every 2 min. As shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the power fluctuation was less than 0.15 dB, and no mode hopping was observed within the 20-min scan time. When the pump power was 150 mW and only the 1529.4-and 1531.6-nm lines were emitted, the double-wavelength stability was tested. As shown in Figures 6(c) and 6(d), two lines show a good stability with power variations less than 0.153 and 0.138 dBm. Because of the existence of flexible triple-wavelength lines, three lasers in the maximum and minimum tuning ranges were monitored under the same conditions. As shown in Figures 6(e) and 6(f), the 1529.2-, 1531.6-, and 1534.2-nm lines show excellent stability and the peak power shifts were less than 0.309, 0.615, and 0.595 dBm, respectively. By adjusting the TF, triple wavelengths of 1528.6-, 1531-, and 1560.2-nm lasers could be achieved with a power fluctuation less than 0.689, 0.18, and 1.285 dBm within 20 min at room temperature. The SMSR was greater than 35 dB.The proposed multiwavelength EDFL proved to be effective, as it could generate stable and tunable single-and triplewavelength laser output. CONCLUSIONA stable and tunable multiwavelength EDFL based on a dualpass MZI and TF was proposed and realized experimentally. The single-wavelength laser tuning interval was less than 2.6 nm within a tuning range of 1526.8-1558.6 nm, the power difference of each line was less than 0.8 dB, and the SMSR was greater than 29.2 dB in the tuning process. In the experiment, a double-wavelength and tunable triple-wavelength laser could be realized by adjusting the TF, and the tuning interval was less than 2.6 nm. The single-wavelength laser power fluctuation was less than 0.15 dB within a 20-min scan time. For dualwavelength lasers, the peak power shift was less than 0.153 dB. The power variation for the triple-wavelength laser was less than 1.285 dBm and the SMSR was greater than 35 dB. The proposed EDFL showed flexible tuning capability and high stability, and can be widely applied to optical sensors, fiber communication, and spectrum analysis. 5. T. Huang, X. Li, P.P. Shum, et al. All-fiber multiwavelength thulium-doped laser assisted by four-wave mixing in highly germania-doped fiber, Opt It is well-known that MoM and FDTD are powerful techniques for the simulation of a wide range of electromagnetic problems such as radiation/scattering problems of both metallic and dielectric structures. However, the methods present some small inaccuracies when the models contain complex nonhomogeneous dielectric materials or complex geometric shapes. Conversely, FEM offers a great flexibility in the treatment of complex structures, even in the case of those non-homogeneous dielectric materials.In this context, it is important to mention the contributions done by the authors to the computational electromagnetic community during the last decade. One important work performed during this period has been the development of a full wave electromagnetic software based o...

Adaptive Semi-Structured Mesh Refinement Techniques for the Finite Element Method

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