Analysis of polychrome Iron Age glass vessels from Mediterranean I, II and III groups by LA-ICP-MS

Panighello, Serena; Orsega, Emilio Francesco; Elteren, Johannes T. van; Šelih, Vid Simon

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.043

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A sample set relative to 7 th -6 th century BC glass, belonging to the Golasecca culture (Angelini et al 2011), shows a LMG composition, which is natron glass. Other literature data pertain to a later period, as Etruscan natron glass from Spina and Bologna dated to the 6 th -3 rd (Arletti et al 2009(Arletti et al , 2011b and from Adria dated to the 5 th -2 nd century BC (Panighello et al 2012), confirm the standardisation of the natron glass in that period. The very few data for 8 th -6 th century BC Northern Italian glass, do not allow a real comparison with our results.…”

Section: Orientalising/archaic Glass (Last Quarter 8 Th -6 Th Centurysupporting

confidence: 56%

How much is known about glassy materials in Bronze and Iron Age Italy? New data and general overview

Conte

Matarese

Vezzalini

et al. 2018

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Knowledge about glass trading in protohistoric Southern Italy has been limited by the few archeometrical data available to date, which prevented a comparison between the well-known Northern trend. The aims of this work is, therefore, to fill the gap in data relative to the Bronze-Iron Ages Southern vitreous items, in order to make possible a general overview of the protohistoric Italian glassy supply routes. The paper presents physical-chemical data of sixty-one vitreous items coming from eleven Southern Italian sites, dated from the beginning of the Bronze Age up to the Archaic period (22 th-6 th century BC), ensuring a complete diachronic analysis. SEM-EDS, EMPA, LA-ICPMS and XRD analyses allowed the definition of raw materials and manufacturing techniques employed, and also the determination of the items provenance. The sample set shows a great variability of glass chemical types, being composed by plant ash glass, mixed alkali and natron samples. A complex picture, mostly related to the different natron glass typologies (High-Zr, Low-Zr, Black,…) and their fast technological evolution in the early 1 st millennium BC, emerges. Taking into account the data reported in this study and those available in literature relative both to Northern and Southern Italian Bronze-Iron Ages items, this work demonstrates, for the first time, the existence of different trade routes. This is especially true for the early periods-Early/Middle Bronze Ages, whit Northern Italy involved in the trades with Central Europe, while South already inserted in the Mediterranean interactions.

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Section: Orientalising/archaic Glass (Last Quarter 8 Th -6 Th Centurysupporting

confidence: 56%

How much is known about glassy materials in Bronze and Iron Age Italy? New data and general overview

Conte

Matarese

Vezzalini

et al. 2018

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Different studies on the Mediterranean I, II and III glass groups produced between the sixth and the fourth centuries BCE bear witness to a fairly complex situation. Published results [14][15][16][17] show varying correlations between cobalt, iron, zinc, copper and nickel. These variations suggest either the contemporaneous exploitation of different cobalt-bearing ores or a small-scale exploitation process of a large cobalt mine with different types of cobalt ores, giving rise to a range of colorant compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Signature of Cobalt Colorants in Late Antique and Early Islamic Glass Production

2018

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Prior to the eighteenth century, cobalt was exclusively employed as a colouring agent for vitreous materials, and its use appears to be concurrent with the earliest large-scale production of glass during the Late Bronze Age (LBA). LBA cobalt deposits with a distinctive elemental signature have been identified in the oases of the western Egyptian desert, while cobalt mines in Kashan (Iran) and in the Erzgebirge (Germany) are known to have been exploited during the later Middle Ages. For most of the first millennium BCE and CE, however, the identity of cobalt sources and their supply patterns remain elusive. The aim of this study is to characterise the chemical composition of cobalt colorants used during the first millennium CE. Compositional variations indicate the use of different raw materials and/or production processes, which in turn has implications for the underlying exchange networks. Using mainly correlations between cobalt, nickel and zinc as discriminants, our results show that the compositional signature of cobalt underwent two major changes. An increase in the CoO/NiO ratios occurs between the late fourth and the beginning of the sixth century, while a new zinc-rich source of cobalt begins to be exploited during the second half of the eighth century in the Islamic world.

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“…Transient signals were recorded and evaluated for elemental quantification. Ga, 85 Rb, 88 Sr, 89 Y, 90 Zr, 93 Nb, 118 Sn, 121 Sb, 137 Ba, 139 La, 140 Ce, 141 Pr, 142 Nd, 152 Sm, 153 Eu, 158 Gd, 159 Tb, 164 Dy, 165 Ho, 166 Er, 169 Tm, 174 Yb, 175 Lu, 178 Hf, NIST SRM 610 [17] and Corning D archeological glass [18] were used as the external standard for modern and medieval objects respectively. The results of elemental composition, for all samples, were recalculated to the content of the oxides using SiO 2 as the internal standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the International Conference LACONA XI

2017

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Analysis of polychrome Iron Age glass vessels from Mediterranean I, II and III groups by LA-ICP-MS

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

How much is known about glassy materials in Bronze and Iron Age Italy? New data and general overview

How much is known about glassy materials in Bronze and Iron Age Italy? New data and general overview

Changes in the Signature of Cobalt Colorants in Late Antique and Early Islamic Glass Production

Proceedings of the International Conference LACONA XI

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