Analysis of polymer parts: buried problems

Walzak, Mary Jane; Bloomfield, Heather

doi:10.1002/sia.6332

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the common terpolymers in conventional polymer processes and fused filament fabrication (FFF) [1,2]. It is composed of styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) grafted with polybutadiene (PB) that provides diverse properties (tensile strength, ductility, hydrophobicity) to suit a wide range of applications in conventional polymer processes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polypropylene Blend with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties for Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2019

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Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the oldest fused filament fabrication (FFF) material that shows low stability to thermal aging due to hydrogen abstraction of the butadiene monomer. A novel blend of ABS, polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) is presented for FFF. ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of three variables (bed temperature, printing temperature, and aging interval) on tensile properties of the specimens made on a custom-built pellet printer. The compression and flexure properties were also investigated for the highest thermal combinations. The blend showed high thermal stability with enhanced strength despite three days of aging, as well as high bed and printing temperatures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided significant chemical interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the thermal stability with enhanced enthalpy of glass transition and melting. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also revealed high temperatures for onset and 50% mass degradation. Signs of chemical grafting and physical interlocking in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also explained the thermo-mechanical stability of the blend.Therefore, a need arises to explore a solution for a thermally stable ABS for large-scale and high temperature FFF applications.Different methods were adopted to increase the thermal stability of ABS [11,12], such as blending [11,12], addition of flame retardants [13], stabilizers [11], etc. The most recommended method in terms of gaining both thermal and mechanical stability is blending with high-temperature polymers [12][13][14]. In this regard, polycarbonate (PC) is the most successful polymer that reports the best-in-class blend properties with ABS [14] as compared to contemporary ones in FFF, such as ABS/UHMWPE/SEBS, ABS:SEBS [15,16], ABS:SEBS-g-MAH [17], ABS/PMMA [18], and ABS/SMA [5]. The addition of PC to ABS was reported with improvements in both thermal and mechanical properties (tensile, compression, and flexure) [13,19]. However, thermal improvement is interpreted as an improvement in the onset of the degradation temperature of the non-aged blend obtained in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [20]. Researchers found detrimental effects of annealing on the morphology of an ABS/PC blend that resulted in a decrease in thermal stability [20]. Therefore, it reveals a need to explore a blend of ABS that can withstand thermal aging at high temperatures with good mechanical properties (tensile, compression, and flexure).Polypropylene (PP) is one of the eminent polyolefins with good chemical and mechanical properties [21]. However, it presents warpage and swelling in an FFF process. This is overcome by blending with different printable polymers or fillers (fibers). For example, Peng et al. [22] reported enhanced mechanical strength with the addition of polyamide (PA6) and POE-g-MAH. Ramis et al. [21] reported enhanced thermal stability in the TGA analysis of PP/starch. Mourad et al. [23] found good resistance to thermal aging...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%