Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in newborn sera: a screening tool for atopic disease?

Galli, Elena; Picardo, Mauro; Chini, L; Passi, S.; Moschese, Viviana; Terminali, O.; Paone, F.M.; Fraioli, G.; Rossi, Paolo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03413.x

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, most studies used clinical atopic outcomes or composite outcomes including clinical and laboratory data; the study in infants that showed an association between cord blood EFAs and later atopy did not find an association with later IgE either (14). Further evidence that EFAs are not related to the IgE component of atopy was found in the present study (results presented elsewhere).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Nonetheless, neonatal IgE is thought to be a determinant of later atopy and the present results seem to contradict the known relationship between perinatal EFAs and the later development of atopy (14,27,28). However, most studies used clinical atopic outcomes or composite outcomes including clinical and laboratory data; the study in infants that showed an association between cord blood EFAs and later atopy did not find an association with later IgE either (14).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The LCPs, n-6 and n-3 derivatives of LA and ALA, respectively, are the precursors of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes and are embedded in cell membranes, where they play a role in membrane fluidity and signal transduction. An earlier study showed that low n-6 LCP levels in cord blood precede the development of atopy in infants (14), which might suggest a causal relationship and points to the importance of neonatal EFA status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of neonatal IgE level: parity, maternal age, birth season and perinatal essential fatty acid status in infants of atopic mothers

Gool

Thijs

Dagnelie

et al. 2004

Allergy

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Objective:The hygiene hypothesis suggests that the protective 'siblings effect' against atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma and hay fever is a result of recurrent infections during early childhood. A recent study and review have indicated that this protective effect may already arise in utero. Lower n-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) status is associated with increased parity, and EFA status has also been related to atopy. The present study confirms the negative association between parity and neonatal immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and further unravel the role of perinatal EFA status. Methodology: In a prospective cohort study in 184 atopic mothers and their neonates, we simultaneously measured serum total IgE and EFA levels in plasma phospholipids, both in the mother at 34-36 weeks of gestation and in the neonate at the age of 1 week. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of parity on maternal and neonatal IgE and EFA status, and the independent effects of parity and EFA status on IgE, controlling for confounding factors such as maternal age and birth season. Results: Parity was associated with lower neonatal IgE level (P < 0.01), as well as with lower docosahexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) status of the mother (P = 0.01) but not of the neonate (P > 0.69). In the multivariate analysis, higher parity, higher maternal IgE, lower maternal age and birth in the first 3 months of the year were independently associated with neonatal IgE level. No association was detected between maternal or neonatal EFA status and neonatal IgE. Conclusions: As neonatal total serum IgE is predictive of later atopy, our results support the hypothesis that the sibling effect in atopy is already being programmed in utero. Our data also confirm earlier findings that DHA status is lower in multiparous women, but this did not confound the relation between parity and neonatal IgE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of neonatal IgE level: parity, maternal age, birth season and perinatal essential fatty acid status in infants of atopic mothers

Gool

Thijs

Dagnelie

et al. 2004

Allergy

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“…This was based on studies that have found decreased levels of n-6 LCP derivatives in umbilical cord blood of children at risk of atopy (Strannega Êrd et al, 1987;Ioppi et al, 1994) and children who later developed atopy (Galli et al, 1994). Businco et al (1993) and Wright & Bolton (1989) showed that mothers with atopic children have lower levels of n-6 LCPs in their breast milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

et al. 2000

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Objective: To evaluate whether levels of n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) in human breast milk are related to the mother's atopic constitution, and whether a decreased level can be restored by gamma-linolenic acid supplementation. Design: Cross-sectional study and dietary supplementation trial. Subjects: 20 atopic mothers and 20 non-atopic mothers (controls), all lactating. Setting: General population. Interventions: The atopic mothers were randomly assigned to low (n 10) or high (n 10) dosage oral supplementation with oral borage oil for one week (230 or 460 mg gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) per day). Main outcome measures: Essential fatty acid composition of the breast milk total fat fraction, determined by gas liquid chromatography. Results: Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was lower in breast milk of atopic mothers compared with non-atopic mothers (0.39 wt% vs 0.46 wt%, difference 7 0.07% wt% (95% con®dence limits 7 0.13, 7 0.01 wt%; P`0.05). The ratio between linoleic acid and the sum of n-6 derivatives did not differ between these groups, indicating no difference in delta-6-desaturase (D6D) activity. Supplementation of the atopic mothers signi®-cantly increased the levels of gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in breast milk in a doserelated way, but the level of arachidonic acid was not increased. Conclusion: We found a decreased level of arachidonic acid in breast milk in atopic compared to non-atopic mothers, but no indication that the rate-limiting enzymatic step (D6D) is involved. Supplementation increased the precursor pool but did not restore the level of arachidonic acid. We conclude that atopy is related to a metabolic disturbance beyond the D6D enzymatic step. A low level of arachidonic acid in breast milk may be a risk factor for the development of atopy in the infant, especially when the possible underlying metabolic disturbance of EFA metabolism is inherited by the child.

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“…It is also interesting to note the relationship between the decrease in levels of arachidonic acid and di-homo-γ-linolenic acid at 1 and 3 months of life in the cord blood of formula-fed infants compared with breast-fed infants. The decrease was greater in those infants who subsequently developed atopic disease (Galli et al 1994). These results contradict other studies that suggest that increasing the levels of arachidonic acid pathway substrates, such as linoleic acid, increases the incidence of atopic disease.…”

Section: Nutrition and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

Gil

Rueda

2002

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The present review focuses on the specific effects of nutrients on the development of the immune system in early life. There is a big gap regarding the specific mechanisms that regulate immunity at the intestinal level and their impact in the systemic immune function. For this reason, during the last few years there has been great interest in ascertaining the mechanisms that regulate the intestinal immune function, as well as to understand how specific nutrients interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We have reviewed this topic with special emphasis on how human milk, and its components, influence the early development of intestinal immunity in breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants. Interactions between nutrients and intestinal microbiota have also been reviewed. Some micronutrients such as nucleotides and gangliosides, which are present in human milk and also in most foods, are able to influence immune functionality at very low concentrations. The specific action of these micronutrients on some parameters of immunity, as well as their potential mechanisms of action, have been considered in detail. However, there are limited data on how other specific nutrients, namely protein and non-protein N-containing compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, and others, such as minerals, vitamins, fibre, non-nutritional dietary compounds (flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, etc), influence immunity. In the present review we have provided data regarding the potential effects of these compounds on the immune response in early life. The increasing use of functional foods by the public to improve their general health and prevent the incidence of chronic diseases has become a major area of interest within the nutrition community. Of the many functional foods available, probiotics have been most studied in infancy and childhood, particularly with regard to the prevention of allergic diseases. Infant formulae and fermented milks containing large quantities of probiotics are produced and

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Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in newborn sera: a screening tool for atopic disease?

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Determinants of neonatal IgE level: parity, maternal age, birth season and perinatal essential fatty acid status in infants of atopic mothers

Determinants of neonatal IgE level: parity, maternal age, birth season and perinatal essential fatty acid status in infants of atopic mothers

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

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