Analysis of Potential Supply of Ecosystem Services in Forest Remnants through Neural Networks

Abstract

Analyzing the landscape configuration factors where they are located can ensure a more accurate spatial assessment of the supply of ecosystem services. It can also show if the benefits promoted by ecosystems depend not only on the supply of these services but also on the demand, the cultural values, and the interest of the society where they are located. The present study aims to demonstrate the provision potential of regulating ecosystem services by forest remnants in the municipality of Campinas/SP, Brazil, from the analysis and weighting of geospatial indicators, considering the assumptions of supply of and demand for these ecosystem services. The potential supply of regulating ecosystem services was evaluated through the application of an artificial neural network using landscape indicators previously surveyed for the 2319 forest remnants identified in six watersheds. The findings show that the classified remnants have a “medium” to “very high” regulating potential for the provision of ecosystem services. The use of artificial intelligence fundamentals, based on artificial neural networks, proved to be quite effective, as it enables combined analysis of various indicators, analysis of spatial patterns, and the prediction of results, which could be informative guides for environmental planning and management in urban spaces.

Evaluating the Environmental Quality of Forest Remnants Using Landscape Metrics

“…The Capivari and Anhumas basins have a very similar percentage of area occupied by remnants, respectively, 5.7% and 5.9%, while the Quilombo basin has the lowest area occupied by forest remnants (2.5%). The remnants of the Capivari-Mirim and Anhumas basins recorded the highest mean areas, 5.8 and 4.9 ha, respectively, whilst in the Atibaia and Jaguari basins, the mean areas of each remnant are 2.4 and 1.9 ha, respectively [41]. The Capivari and the Anhumas basins are the ones with the highest population density.…”

“…According to Ribeiro et al [40] between 1991-2011 the urban area expansion of Campinas was 49%, increasing from 140 km 2 in 1991 to 209 km 2 in 2011. A total of 2319 forest remnants were identified in Campinas municipality/SP [36,41]. Considering the five basins included in study area (Figure 1 and Table 1), with a total of 1368 (12.8% of its total area), the Atibaia river has the highest number of remnants and also the largest area.…”

Managing Strategic Tensions in the Development of Organizational Ecosystems

“…The most recent social research in the area of ecosystems has touched on a variety of aspects, such as educational and learning ecosystems [16], ecosystem services in various environmental contexts [17], creative and cultural ecosystems and their services [18], sustainable development of innovation ecosystems in high-tech contexts [19], transformation of urban innovation ecosystems [20], smart cities as organizational ecosystems [21], value co-creation in smart industrial ecosystems [22], healthy workplace ecosystems in the COVID-19 context [23], regional innovation ecosystem policies [24], trade-off vs. synergy analysis in ecosystem services [25], and many others.…”