Analysis of Prenatal Exposure to Opioid Analgesics and Scholastic Skills in Children in Fifth Grade in Norway

Trønnes, Johanne Naper; Lupattelli, Angela; Ystrøm, Eivind; Nordeng, Hedvig

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22425

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…One study on analgesic exposure and educational outcomes found the exposed children to score lower on literacy and numeracy tests (75).…”

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurodevelopmental outcomes following analgesic exposure were assessed in nine studies, with a median sample size of 446 (IQR: 1034-3727) exposed children (75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83). Six studies assessed prenatal exposure to acetaminophen/paracetamol, while the remaining studies investigated exposure to opioid analgesics (n = 2 studies) and aspirin (n = 1 study).…”

Section: Analgesics Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Exposure to Psychotropics and Analgesics on Cognitive, Linguistic and Educational Outcomes – a Systematic Review with Focus on Validity and Reliability of Outcome Measures

Re,

Fawad,

Leite

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objective: To provide an overview of the observational studies on cognitive, linguistic, and educational outcomes following prenatal exposure to psychotropics and analgesics, including reporting of outcome measure validity and reliability. Study design: We searched four databases, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed from inception to July 2022. We included all original studies involving participants less than 18 years old, who were prenatally exposed to psychotropics and/or analgesics with cognitive, linguistic, and/or educational outcomes. Results: 68 studies were identified. Most studies (47%) focused on the effects of prenatal exposure to antiepileptics on child cognition. Valproate showed a consistently increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, whereas the results for other medications were sparse and conflicting. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were measured by psychometric assessments in 62 studies and by diagnostic codes in health care registries in six studies. Only 29 of the 62 studies (46.8%) using psychometric measures mentioned the psychometric properties of the instruments used. In studies using diagnostic outcome measures, only one study reported positive predictive values and performed a sensitivity analysis to address outcome misclassification. Conclusion: Except for valproate, there is a concerning lack of studies on the impact of prenatal exposure to psychotropics and analgesics on cognitive, linguistic, and educational outcomes. Regardless of whether psychometric measures or diagnostic codes were used, most studies lacked a robust assessment of outcome measures, which threatens their validity and interpretability. Future studies on long-term prenatal medication safety need to focus on the accuracy of neurodevelopmental outcome measures.

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“…One study on analgesic exposure and educational outcomes found the exposed children to score lower on literacy and numeracy tests (75).…”

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analgesics Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Psychotropics and Analgesics on Cognitive, Linguistic and Educational Outcomes – a Systematic Review with Focus on Validity and Reliability of Outcome Measures

Re,

Fawad,

Leite

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[2][3][4][5] A growing body of empirical studies con rms a link between exposure to prenatal opioids and poor birth outcomes such as stillbirth, preterm birth, low-birth weight, congenital disabilities, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. 2,3,[6][7][8] In addition, prenatal opioid use is associated with long-term health problems, including poor infant motor skills and communication skills, 9 attention-de cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during school age, 10 impaired cognitive functioning, [11][12][13][14] and vulnerability to future substance use disorders. 15,16 Despite the risk opioids pose for maternal and infant health, estimates suggest that nearly seven percent of women have reported using a prescription opioid during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescription Opioid Use During Pregnancy: An Analysis of the North and South Dakota PRAMS, 2019-2020

Testa

Jacobs

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives: This study assesses the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and prescription opioid use during pregnancy. Methods: This study uses data on 2,999 individuals from the 2019 and 2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from North Dakota and South Dakota. The relationship between ACEs and prescription opioid use during pregnancy is examined using multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of prescription opioid use increases alongside accumulating ACEs. Compared to those with no ACEs, recent mothers with three or more ACEs have a 2.4 greater odds of prescription opioid use during pregnancy (aOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 2.437; 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.319, 4.503). Conclusion: Accumulating ACEs are associated with an increased risk of prescription opioid use during pregnancy. Additional research is needed better understand the mechanisms that link ACEs and prescription opioid use during pregnancy, as well as how to best support those with ACEs exposure in a trauma-informed manner to reduce the risk of substance use.

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Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Child Cognitive Outcomes—The Importance of Defining the Study Base

2022

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Analysis of Prenatal Exposure to Opioid Analgesics and Scholastic Skills in Children in Fifth Grade in Norway

Cited by 5 publications

References 70 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Psychotropics and Analgesics on Cognitive, Linguistic and Educational Outcomes – a Systematic Review with Focus on Validity and Reliability of Outcome Measures

Prenatal Exposure to Psychotropics and Analgesics on Cognitive, Linguistic and Educational Outcomes – a Systematic Review with Focus on Validity and Reliability of Outcome Measures

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescription Opioid Use During Pregnancy: An Analysis of the North and South Dakota PRAMS, 2019-2020

Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Child Cognitive Outcomes—The Importance of Defining the Study Base

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