Analysis of primary prevention services for cardiovascular disease in Australia's community pharmacies

Joyce, Andrew; Berbatis, Con G.; Sunderland, V Bruce; Dhaliwal, Satvinder S.

doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00135.x

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…MM services related to disease management, such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, anticoagulation and osteoporosis (referred by PCNZ as Level C and Level D services), were provided in less than 10% of respondent pharmacies. Similar results were found in studies in Australia, the USA and Europe, which also reported that pharmacists were routinely engaged in activities such as patient risk factor screening, but infrequently in the implementation of treatment or medication monitoring plans …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Provision of health /disease screening and medication monitoring /management in New Zealand community pharmacies

et al. 2014

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Background: Access to health /disease screening (HDS) and medication monitoring /management (MM) services in New Zealand has traditionally been through general practitioners. While government and professional organisations are supportive of greater community pharmacy involvement, there has been little research on the extent of current provision or of the views of community pharmacists in this area. Aim: To describe the characteristics and extent of HDS and MM services provided in New Zealand community pharmacies, and to document pharmacists' opinions and perceived barriers in regard to the provision of these services. Methods: A four-part questionnaire was developed to record: the types of HDS /MM services offered by community pharmacies; the opinions of respondent pharmacists regarding these services; the characteristics of community pharmacies offering the services; and the profiles of the respondent pharmacists. The questionnaire was distributed to 879 community pharmacies in New Zealand. Results: There were 458 valid questionnaires returned, with a response rate of 52%. Over half (59%) of the responding pharmacies reported provision of HDS and /or MM services, although there were relatively few 'high level' services such as cardiovascular risk assessment and disease management. Most services were paid for by pharmacy customers, although some District Health Boards paid for services such as Medicines Use Review. Pharmacists cited lack of remuneration, lack of time and limited access to patient information as the main barriers to greater involvement. Conclusion: At the time of this study (2007), community pharmacists in New Zealand were in the 'early adoption' phase concerning the provision of HDS and MM services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Provision of health /disease screening and medication monitoring /management in New Zealand community pharmacies

et al. 2014

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“…In this study, the number of respondents that had seen blood pressure monitoring services provided by any pharmacy they visited was low (27·5%), even though this type of screening has previously been found to the most commonly performed by pharmacists (9). This suggests that further promotion of professional CVD risk screening in pharmacies is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Research based on analyzing the primary prevention services available in Australia’s community pharmacies, found that blood pressure testing was the only screening test commonly in place (>50%) and cholesterol screening was much less frequent (9). It was reported that younger pharmacists were significantly more likely to have initiated blood pressure screening because of a broader education (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public perceptions of the role of Australian pharmacists in cardiovascular disease

Peterson

Jackson

Hughes

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics

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There was belief by those Australians surveyed that community pharmacists are capable of providing screening for hypertension and diabetes. Through these services and in conjunction with counselling on CVD risk reduction, pharmacists may play an important role in the reduction of CVD, ultimately improving public health and decreasing the burden on Australia's health care system. However, at present pharmacists are not being fully utilized to deliver health promotion advice and contribute to the prevention of CVD.

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“…The majority of participants were young with a B. Pharm. A study in Australian showed that younger pharmacists and pharmacies in regional shopping centers were associated with a higher level of preventive services for CVD [13]. This indicates that patient-focused services in community pharmacies can be applicable at any educational level after graduation following appropriate knowledge and training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Screening Services in Sudanese Community Pharmacies

Mohamed

Ballal

2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the Sudanese community pharmacists' knowledge and practice of cardiovascular disease risk assessment services.Methods: The study was conducted as a non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional community-pharmacy based survey.Results: The Response rate was 91%. The obese and the elderly received the highest ratings for cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Hypertension, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and ages >55 and 36-55 years were mostly targeted for screening. Variable responses were reported regarding the type of fasting lipid profile that is screened. One third of the participants claimed to have screening evaluation forms. Most participants had the appropriate equipment for screening but only a few had cholesterol measures. Only 27% reported the use of cardiovascular risk charts or calculator for the evaluation. Overwhelming majority had no documentation records and the most available reference was the BNF.Conclusion: The current knowledge and practice of cardiovascular disease risk assessment is poor and need fundamental development. Community pharmacy practice in the Sudan is still product oriented. These services were provided by respondents on voluntary bases without full knowledge or appropriate training on proper assessment and evaluation of the risks that they measured. This needs to change if pharmacyâ€™s potential is to be reached. Collaboration between health authorities and universities is essential to acknowledge the new roles of the pharmacist and provide the appropriate knowledge and training needed to promote and implement the change process that is required.

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Analysis of primary prevention services for cardiovascular disease in Australia's community pharmacies

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Provision of health /disease screening and medication monitoring /management in New Zealand community pharmacies

Provision of health /disease screening and medication monitoring /management in New Zealand community pharmacies

Public perceptions of the role of Australian pharmacists in cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular Risk Screening Services in Sudanese Community Pharmacies

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