Analysis of probable lipotoxic damage and myocardial fibrosis in epicardial obesity

Чумакова, Г. А.; Гриценко, О. Д.; Груздева, О. В.; Dyleva, Yulia

doi:10.18632/aging.203148

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, EAT express higher levels of resistin, but lower levels of adiponectin and leptin [145][146][147]. It is well known that EAT thickness increases in obese subjects [148][149][150][151][152][153], and in these subjects, the levels of factors secreted by EAT, such as TNF-alpha, IL6, leptin, and free fatty acids, increase in comparison with non-obese subjects [154,155]. As for free fatty acids secreted by EAT in obese subjects, the metabolic signature of EAT is dominated by an increase of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine [156].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise

Verdú

Homs

Boadas-Vaello

2021

IJERPH

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A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).

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Section: Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise

Verdú

Homs

Boadas-Vaello

2021

IJERPH

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“…The present study found that EAT, especially LA-EAT, may contribute to cardiac structural and electrical remodeling and dysfunction, leading to the occurrence of AF. Previous studies showed that EAT can change the microenvironment and myocardial function around the LA by secreting pro-fibrosis and pro-inflammatory factors through direct contact with the LA myocardium, resulting in cardiac structural and electrical remodeling, such as myocardial fibrosis, slow conduction of electrical activities in the atrium and increased heterogeneity ( 17 , 18 ). Proliferative adipose tissue can extend into the myocardial cells along with the stroma, induce atrial fibrosis through fat infiltration, and changes the connection mode between myocardial cells, resulting in voltage reduction and abnormal conduction in the LA ( 19 – 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redistribution of adipose tissue is associated with left atrial remodeling and dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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ObjectiveAdipose tissue is recognized as a crucial regulator of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effect of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on the pathophysiology of AF might be different from that of other adipose tissues. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution features of different adipose tissues in AF patients and their relationships with left atrial (LA) remodeling and function.MethodsA total of 205 participants (including 112 AF and 93 non-AF patients) were recruited. Color doppler ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of subcutaneous, extraperitoneal, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue. Cardiac CT scan was performed to measure the mean thickness of EAT surrounding the whole heart (total-EAT) and specific regions, including left atrium (LA-EAT), left ventricle, right ventricle, interventricular groove, and atrioventricular groove. LA anatomical remodeling and function were measured by echocardiography, while electrical remodeling was evaluated by P-wave duration and dispersion using Electrocardiography (obtained after cardioversion or ablation in AF patients). Relationship between the thickness of different adipose tissues and LA remodeling and function was analyzed.ResultsThe thickness of subcutaneous, extraperitoneal, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue was similar between AF and non-AF patients, and had no or only weak association with LA remodeling and dysfunction. However, compared to non-AF participants, total-EAT thickness significantly increased in both paroxysmal and persistent AF patients (non-AF vs. paroxysmal AF vs. persistent AF: 6.31 ± 0.63 mm vs. 6.76 ± 0.79 mm vs. 7.01 ± 1.18 mm, P < 0.001), which was positively correlated with the LA size and P-wave duration and dispersion, and negatively correlated with LA ejection fraction and peak strain rate. More interestingly, EAT thickness in AF patients did not increase uniformly in different regions of the heart. Compared to EAT surrounding the other regions, LA-EAT was found to accumulate more greatly, and had a closer relationship to LA remodeling and dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that LA-EAT was significantly correlated with the presence of AF (OR = 4.781; 95% CI 2.589–8.831, P < 0.001).ConclusionRather than other adipose tissues, accumulation and redistribution of EAT, especially surrounding the LA, is associated with LA remodeling and dysfunction in AF patients.

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“…1 Many studies have shown a certain relationship between EAT components and adverse cardiovascular events such as coronary artery stenosis, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, myocardial fibrosis, and heart failure. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The EAT compositions will even play a leading role in coronary artery disease. 9 As the outbreak of COVID-19, some researchers have been working to explore the relationship between EAT components and the condition of COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EAT is mainly distributed between the atrioventricular groove and myocardial tissue inside the pericardium and extends along the coronary arteries 1 . Many studies have shown a certain relationship between EAT components and adverse cardiovascular events such as coronary artery stenosis, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, myocardial fibrosis, and heart failure 2–8 . The EAT compositions will even play a leading role in coronary artery disease 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation and volume quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in computed tomography images

Song

Sun

et al. 2022

Medical Physics

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Background: Many cardiovascular diseases are closely related to the composition of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Accurate segmentation of EAT can provide a reliable reference for doctors to diagnose the disease. The distribution and composition of EAT often have significant individual differences, and the traditional segmentation methods are not effective. In recent years, deep learning method has been gradually introduced into EAT segmentation task. Purpose: The existing EAT segmentation methods based on deep learning have a large amount of computation and the segmentation accuracy needs to be improved. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a lightweight EAT segmentation network, which can obtain higher segmentation accuracy with less computation and further alleviate the problem of false-positive segmentation. Methods: First, the obtained computed tomography was preprocessed. That is, the threshold range of EAT was determined to be −190, −30 HU according to prior knowledge, and the non-adipose pixels were excluded by threshold segmentation to reduce the difficulty of training. Second, the image obtained after thresholding was input into the lightweight RDU-Net network to perform the training, validating, and testing process. RDU-Net uses a residual multi-scale dilated convolution block in order to extract a wider range of information without changing the current resolution. At the same time, the form of residual connection is adopted to avoid the problem of gradient expansion or gradient explosion caused by too deep network, which also makes the learning easier. In order to optimize the training process, this paper proposes PNDiceLoss, which takes both positive and negative pixels as learning targets, fully considers the class imbalance problem, and appropriately highlights the status of positive pixels. Results: In this paper, 50 CCTA images were randomly selected from the hospital, and the commonly used Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity, accuracy (ACC), specificity (SP), precision (PC), and Pearson correlation coefficient are used as evaluation metrics. Bland-Altman analysis results show that the extracted EAT volume is consistent with the actual volume. Compared with the existing methods, the segmentation results show that the proposed method achieves better performance on these metrics, achieving the DSC of 0.9262. The number of false-positive pixels has been reduced by more than half. Pearson correlation coefficient reached 0.992, and linear regression coefficient reached 0.977 when measuring the volume of EAT obtained. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are carried out in the cardiac fat database of VisualLab. On this database, the proposed method also achieved good results, and the DSC value reached 0.927 in the case of only 878 slices.

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Analysis of probable lipotoxic damage and myocardial fibrosis in epicardial obesity

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise

Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise

Redistribution of adipose tissue is associated with left atrial remodeling and dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation

Segmentation and volume quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in computed tomography images

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