Analysis of quantitative adult plant resistance to blackleg in Brassica napus

Zhang, Qiang; Zhou, Tengsheng; Hirani, Arvind H.; Liu, Zhen; Fernando, Dilantha; Duncan, Robert; Li, Genyi

doi:10.1007/s11032-019-1035-y

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Westar had a compatible interaction, as it had no Rlm genes, while the intermediate resistance for Surpass400 inoculated with H75 8-1 was due to the interaction between AvrLepR2 and BLMR2 / LepR2 (Surpass400: BLMR1 / LepR3 and BLMR2 / LepR2 ) [ 15 ]. The incompatible interaction between Surpass400 and H77 7-2 was triggered by the interaction between LepR3 / BLMR1 and AvrLm1 , as both Rlm1 and LepR3 / BLMR1 recognize AvrLm1 [ 16 , 17 ], while the resistance from 01-23-2-1 against HCRT75 8-1/HCRT77 7-2 was caused by the recognition of AvrLm7 by Rlm7 in 01-23-2-1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Surpass400–H77 7-2 and 01-23-2-1–H75 8-1/–H77 7-2 had slowly increasing lesion areas ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Surpass400–H75 8-1 displayed the gradual development of HR necrotic lesions (brownish lesions) and reached a large size at 11 dpi; however, the plant was still viable and exhibited HR phenotype, this is called the intermediate resistance [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, some different onset patterns among the three interactions (i.e., Surpass400–H77 7-2 and 01-23-2-1–H75 8-1/–H77 7-2) may have been due to the different mechanisms of AvrLm–Rlm interactions and/or the subsequent signaling cascades. Surpass400 was remarkable, due to the presence of identified R genes LepR3 / BLMR1 and BLMR2 / LepR2 , associated with these two genes [ 15 , 16 , 28 ]. AvrLmS / AvrLepR2 was considered as an independent AvrLm gene, conferring HR by interacting with RlmS [ 28 , 29 ], and the intermediate R genes in Surpass400 ( LepR3 / BLMR1 and RlmS /BLMR2/ LepR2 ) worked co-operatively with major Rlm genes, but also functioned independently of those major genes [ 16 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal Responses to Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Interactions in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Yang

Fernando

2021

IJMS

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Hormone signaling plays a pivotal role in plant–microbe interactions. There are three major phytohormones in plant defense: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). The activation and trade-off of signaling between these three hormones likely determines the strength of plant defense in response to pathogens. Here, we describe the allocation of hormonal signaling in Brassica napus against the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Three B. napus genotypes (Westar, Surpass400, and 01-23-2-1) were inoculated with two L. maculans isolates (H75 8-1 and H77 7-2), subsequently exhibiting three levels of resistance: susceptible, intermediate, and resistant. Quantitative analyses suggest that the early activation of some SA-responsive genes, including WRKY70 and NPR1, contribute to an effective defense against L. maculans. The co-expression among factors responding to SA/ET/JA was also observed in the late stage of infection. The results of conjugated SA measurement also support that early SA activation plays a crucial role in durable resistance. Our results demonstrate the relationship between the onset patterns of certain hormone regulators and the effectiveness of the defense of B. napus against L. maculans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal Responses to Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Interactions in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Yang

Fernando

2021

IJMS

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“…The L. maculans isolate HCRT75 8-1 (Genotype: avrLm1, AvrLm2, avrLm3, avrLm4, AvrLmJ1-5, AvrLm7, AvrLm6, avrLm9, AvrLm11, avrLepR1 and AvrLepR2) induced incompatible interaction upon Surpass400 (BLMR1/LepR3 and BLMR2/LepR2) by AvrLepR2-BLMR2/LepR2 interaction, and upon 01-23-2-1 (Rlm7) by AvrLm4-7–Rlm7 interaction, respectively. The L. maculans isolate HCRT77 7-2 (Genotype: AvrLm1, avrLm2, avrLm3, AvrLm4, AvrLmJ1-5, AvrLm7, AvrLm6, avrLm9, AvrLm11, avrLepR1 and avrLepR2) induced incompatible interaction upon Surpass400 (BLMR1/LepR3 and BLMR2/LepR2) by AvrLm1–BLMR1/LepR3 and upon 01-23-2-1 (Rlm7) by AvrLm4-7–Rlm7 interaction, respectively [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Generally, the results indicated that a higher temperature caused larger lesion sizes and, at 28 °C/22 °C, the lesions were the largest compared with the other two temperature treatments ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on the Hypersensitive Response (HR) in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Yang

Zou

Fernando

2021

Plants

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Temperature is considered one of the crucial environmental elements in plant pathological interactions, and previous studies have indicated that there is a relationship between temperature change and host–pathogen interactions. The objective of this research is to investigate the link between temperature and the incompatible interactions of the host and pathogen. In this study, two Leptosphaeria maculans isolates (HCRT75 8-1 and HCRT77 7-2) and two Brassica napus genotypes (Surpass400 and 01-23-2-1) were selected. The selected B. napus genotypes displayed intermediate and resistant phenotypes. The inoculated seedlings were tested under three temperature conditions: 16 °C/10 °C, 22 °C/16 °C and 28 °C/22 °C (day/night: 16 h/8 h). Lesion measurements demonstrated that the necrotic lesions from the 28 °C/22 °C treatment were enlarged compared with the other two temperature treatments (i.e., 16 °C/10 °C and 22 °C/16 °C). The results of expression analysis indicated that the three temperature treatments displayed distinct differences in two marker genes (PATHOGENESIS–RELATED (PR) 1 and 2) for plant defense and one temperature-sensitive gene BONZAI 1 (BON1). Additionally, seven dpi at 22 °C/16 °C appeared to be the optimal pre-condition for the induction of PR1 and 2. These findings suggest that B. napus responds to temperature changes when infected with L. maculans.

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“…It is very difficult to identify the genes for quantitative trait loci in the complex genome of B. napus because little information is available on the genetic control of quantitative resistance to L. maculans. In previous study, the blackleg quantitative resistance gene BLMR2 identified in Surpass 400 showed horizontal resistance under field conditions (Dandena et al, 2019). A few blackleg resistance genes including Rlm2, LepR3, BLMR2, and LepR2 have been mapped on B. napus chromosome A10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genetic Analysis of a Horizontal Resistance Locus BLMR2 in Brassica napus

et al. 2021

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Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg disease in Brassica napus. The blackleg disease is mainly controlled by resistance genes in B. napus. Previous studies have shown that the blackleg resistant BLMR2 locus that conferred horizontal resistance under field conditions, is located on chromosome A10 of B. napus. The purpose of this study is to fine map this locus and hence identify a candidate gene underlying horizontal resistance. The spectrum of resistance to L. maculans isolates of the resistance locus BLMR2 was analyzed using near isogenic lines, resistant, and susceptible cultivars. The results showed that this locus was horizontally resistant to all isolates tested. Sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR), simple sequence repeats (SSR), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed in the chromosome region of BLMR2 and a fine genetic map was constructed. Two molecular markers narrowed BLMR2 in a 53.37 kb region where six genes were annotated. Among the six annotated genes, BnaA10g11280D/BnaA10g11290D encoding a cytochrome P450 protein were predicted as the candidate of BLMR2. Based on the profiling of pathogen induced transcriptome, three expressed genes in the six annotated genes were identified while only cytochrome P450 showed upregulation. The candidate corresponds to the gene involved in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway and plant basal defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. The molecular markers identified in this study will allow the quick incorporation of the BLMR2 allele in rapeseed cultivars to enhance blackleg resistance.

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Analysis of quantitative adult plant resistance to blackleg in Brassica napus

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Hormonal Responses to Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Interactions in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Hormonal Responses to Susceptible, Intermediate, and Resistant Interactions in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

The Effect of Temperature on the Hypersensitive Response (HR) in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Genetic Analysis of a Horizontal Resistance Locus BLMR2 in Brassica napus

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