Analysis of quantization errors in the direct form for finite impulse response digital filters

Chan, D.; Rabiner, L. R.

doi:10.1109/tau.1973.1162497

Cited by 118 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The characteristics and effects of these rounding and quantization errors is very well understood [10] and hence robust structures can be designed to compensate for them [11]. However, the distribution of logic and memory errors is not well defined, which introduces additional difficulties in modeling these errors and developing approaches to reduce them.…”

Section: B Memory Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

On improving the algorithmic robustness of a low-power FIR filter

Khire

Mukhopadhyay

2009

2009 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design

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Abstract-Voltage scaling is a promising approach to reduce the power consumption in signal processing circuits. However aggressive voltage scaling can introduce errors in the output signal, thus degrading the algorithmic performance of the circuit. We consider the specific case of the finite impulse response (FIR) filter, and identify two different sources of errors occurring due to voltage scaling: (a) errors introduced because of increased delay along the logic path and (b) errors caused by failures in the memory due to process variations. We design a FIR filter by using a simple feedback based approach to reduce the memory errors and a linear predictor structure for correcting the logic errors. The proposed filter is more robust to both logic and memory errors caused by voltage scaling. The results show a considerable improvement in the output Signal to Noise ratio (at least around 10 dB) for a probability of error (P err ) even as high as 0.5. We also utilize the proposed technique for an image filtering application and observe a considerable improvement in the visual quality of the output image along with an improvement of over 10 dB in the Peak Signal to Noise ratio for P err as high as 0.5.

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Section: B Memory Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

On improving the algorithmic robustness of a low-power FIR filter

Khire

Mukhopadhyay

2009

2009 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design

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“…In order to find the statistics of the error response, an approach similar to that of Chan and Rabiner [117] can be adopted. It can be shown that the error in the overall frequency response has a zero mean and a variance given by…”

Section: Effects Of Quantization Of Filter Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid frequency-domain coding of speech signals

Foo

Turner

1983

IEE Proc. F Commun. Radar Signal Process. UK

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A new method of coding speech signals is introduced and its application to the low-bit-rate transmission of speech is examined. The new method, which is referred to as hybrid frequency-domain coding (HFDC), is based on a combination of sub-band coding and transform coding techniques and thus involves block coding.In one version of the HFDC scheme, a fixed data rate is used. In this version, blocks of speech signal are coded using a fixed number of bits. The technique is of relatively low complexity and results of subjective tests indicate that the quality of speech produced by the technique at 7.2 kbit/s is comparable with that produced by 19 kbit/s continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD); and that at 9.6 kbit/s, it is comparable with 23 kbit/s CVSD.In a further application of the HFDC scheme, a variable bit rate technique is used which takes account of the nonstationary nature of speech. Block coding is again used but. the number of bits allocated is made to depend on the characteristics of the block. Subjective tests have shown that. improved speech quality can be obtained at the expense of slightly increased end-to-end delay.Quadrature mirror filters are important in sub-band coding and a new method of designing these filters is described. The effects of finite-word-length on the performance of systems using quadrature mirror filters are considered and formulae are derived relating to the bounds and variances of the errors due to analog-to-digital conversion; quantization of the filter coefficients; roundoff in arithmetic computations and the quantization associated with compression encoding. The results obtained from extensive simulations are shown to be in excellent agreement with the theoretically derived values.Various other issues relating to the design of the HFDC scheme are considered. These include the analysis of errors resulting from the use of the block-floating-point fast Walsh-Hadamard transform, and the automatic classification of speech into voiced, unvoiced and silent intervals. Last but not least, I would like to express my thanks to Dr.Tay Eng Soon for his support and encouragement; and to the Ministry of Defence for granting the DSO scholarship and the paid study leave. 5

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“…In 1973 , Chan and R a b i n e r [9] showed t h a t Ew , the RMS e r r o r in the f r e q u e n c y domain is f o u n d from :…”

Section: Frequency Domain Error Performancementioning

confidence: 99%