Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography

Han, Chi Wha; Chu, Constance R.; Adachi, Nobuo; Usas, A; Fu, Freddie H.; Huard, Johnny; Pan, Yingtian

doi:10.1053/joca.2002.0862

Cited by 86 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cartilage regeneration with ACI is a time-consuming process and requires a minimum of 3 months to develop satisfactory repair tissue, with better repair expected by 6 months. [30][31][32] The intent of our study was to test the end result of cartilage repair, and thus only the 6-month timepoint was examined, without other shorter-term observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with a biphasic osteochondral composite

Jiang

Chiang

Liao³

et al. 2007

Journal Orthopaedic Research

136

105

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Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been recently used to treat cartilage defects. Partly because of the success of mosaicplasty, a procedure that involves the implantation of native osteochondral plugs, it is of potential significance to consider the application of ACI in the form of biphasic osteochondral composites. To test the clinical applicability of such composite construct, we repaired osteochondral defect with ACI at low cell-seeding density on a biphasic scaffold, and combined graft harvest and implantation in a single surgery. We fabricated a biphasic cylindrical porous plug of DL-poly-lactide-co-glycolide, with its lower body impregnated with b-tricalcium phosphate as the osseous phase. Osteochondral defects were surgically created at the weight-bearing surface of femoral condyles of Lee-Sung mini-pigs. Autologous chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage were seeded into the upper, chondral phase of the plug, which was inserted by press-fitting to fill the defect. Defects treated with cell-free plugs served as control. Outcome of repair was examined 6 months after surgery. In the osseous phase, the biomaterial retained in the center and cancellous bone formed in the periphery, integrating well with native subchondral bone with extensive remodeling, as depicted on X-ray roentgenography by higher radiolucency. In the chondral phase, collagen type II immunohistochemistry and Safranin O histological staining showed hyaline cartilage regeneration in the experimental group, whereas only fibrous tissue formed in the control group. On the International Cartilage Repair Society Scale, the experimental group had higher mean scores in surface, matrix, cell distribution, and cell viability than control, but was comparable with the control group in subchondral bone and mineralization. Tensile stress-relaxation behavior determined by uni-axial indentation test revealed similar creep property between the surface of the experimental specimen and native cartilage, but not the control specimen. Implanted autologous chondrocytes could survive and could yield hyaline-like cartilage in vivo in the biphasic biomaterial construct. Pre-seeding of osteogenic cells did not appear to be necessary to regenerate subchondral bone. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with a biphasic osteochondral composite

Jiang

Chiang

Liao³

et al. 2007

Journal Orthopaedic Research

136

105

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“…39 This limits the size and depth of the articular cartilage defects that can be made. In fact, the most common depth of experimental osteochondral defects reported in the literature is approximately 3 mm, [40][41][42] which means that more than 80% of the defect volume is located within subchondral bone. Further, rabbits have unique joint loading conditions.…”

Section: Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Cartilage Regeneration and Repair

Chu

Szczodry

Bruno

2010

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

460

451

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cartilage injury and degeneration are leading causes of disability. Animal studies are critically important to developing effective treatments for cartilage injuries. This review focuses on the use of animal models for the study of the repair and regeneration of focal cartilage defects. Animals commonly used in cartilage repair studies include murine, lapine, canine, caprine, porcine, and equine models. There are advantages and disadvantages to each model. Small animal rodent and lapine models are cost effective, easy to house, and useful for pilot and proof-of-concept studies. The availability of transgenic and knockout mice provide opportunities for mechanistic in vivo study. Athymic mice and rats are additionally useful for evaluating the cartilage repair potential of human cells and tissues. Their small joint size, thin cartilage, and greater potential for intrinsic healing than humans, however, limit the translational value of small animal models. Large animal models with thicker articular cartilage permit study of both partial thickness and full thickness chondral repair, as well as osteochondral repair. Joint size and cartilage thickness for canine, caprine, and mini-pig models remain significantly smaller than that of humans. The repair and regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of size and volume comparable to that of clinically significant human lesions can be reliably studied primarily in equine models. While larger animals may more closely approximate the human clinical situation, they carry greater logistical, financial, and ethical considerations. A multifactorial analysis of each animal model should be carried out when planning in vivo studies. Ultimately, the scientific goals of the study will be critical in determining the appropriate animal model.

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“…Typical measuring depths of 500 -2000 µm and resolutions of 5 -10 µm are achieved, depending on the system setup and the properties of the inspected samples. Some work has been done to determine whether cartilage can be successfully imaged with OCT 21,22 . These examinations have been performed on human as well as animal cartilage.…”

Section: Optical Coherence Tomography (Oct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of artificial cartilage with optical coherence tomography

2008

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Tissue Engineering methods have become more and more relevant for orthopedic applications, especially for cartilage repair with autologous chondrocytes. In order to monitor the healing process and bonding between cartilage and the artificial implant, the boundary zone must be imaged non-invasively, for example with OCT. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a short coherent light based measuring technique which allows the generation of cross-section images of semi-transparent media with a depth resolution of up to 5 µm and a measuring depth of 1-2 mm. Especially for the imaging of cartilage OCT offers new diagnostic possibilities, as conventional methods such as ultrasound and x-ray imaging often do not yield satisfactory resolution or contrast. In this paper, an OCT measurement setup for imaging of human cartilage tissue with OCT is demonstrated, allowing a detection of local damaging and lesions. Furthermore, both compressed and uncompressed collagen gel pads were implanted into human cartilage samples. OCT measurements are presented for samples in different stages of growth, focusing on the boundary zones. Comparisons with histologies are shown, demonstrating the ability of OCT to enable a monitoring of the healing progress in tissue engineering based therapy.

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Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography

Cited by 86 publications

References 23 publications

Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with a biphasic osteochondral composite

Repair of porcine articular cartilage defect with a biphasic osteochondral composite

Animal Models for Cartilage Regeneration and Repair

Imaging of artificial cartilage with optical coherence tomography

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