Analysis of raw soils and their re-suspended PM10 fractions: Characterisation of source profiles and enrichment factors

Cesari, Daniela; Contini, Daniele; Genga, A.; Siciliano, M.; Elefante, C.; Baglivi, F.; Daniele, Linda

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.029

Cited by 98 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In Table 8, the correlation matrix for the metals in PM 10 calculated over all the studied area is presented. It is observed a correlation between the low-enrichment elements Fe, Al, Mn, and Ti, likely of crustal origin [34]. A second correlation between Ni and Cr is observed, especially in industrial sites.…”

Section: Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The crustal enrichment factors (EFs) were evaluated for the different elements in PM 10 and PM 2.5 fractions taking Fe as reference element and using, for comparison, the average re-suspended soil composition determined in the area studied [34]. The EFs are reported in Figure 2.…”

Section: Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of EFs furnishes only qualitative information, because the wide variation of the elemental concentration must also be considered. Here the two-threshold system developed by Cesari et al [34] is used. EF larger than 4 can be considered mainly of anthropogenic origin (elements significantly enriched), while elements with EF smaller than 2 can be considered mainly of crustal origin.…”

Section: Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 and Their Metals Content in Different Typologies of Sites in South-Eastern Italy

et al. 2014

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Samples of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were collected discontinuously between 2003 and 2010 at fifteen monitoring sites (urban, background, industrial) in the south-eastern part of Italy using a mobile laboratory. In total, 483 PM 10 and 154 PM 2.5 samples were collected and chemically analyzed for the determination of metal content. Data were used to investigate concentration differences among the typologies of sites, the seasonal patterns, and the influence of advection of Saharan dust (SD). PM 10 and PM 2.5 average concentrations increase from background to industrial and urban sites but the ratio PM 2.5 /PM 10 is significantly lower (0.61 ± 0.10) in background sites. The average metals concentrations in PM 10 and in PM 2.5 do not show a clear dependence on site typology apart an increase in crustal elements in background sites and an increase in the enrichment factors of Ni and of Cr in PM 10 in industrial sites. Urban sites show a statistically significant increase of PM 10 average concentration during the cold seasons (autumn and winter), likely associated with the anthropogenic urban emissions, instead, the background sites show a decrease in concentrations during the cold seasons. This could be due to more frequent cases of SD observed in spring and summer periods that mainly influence background sites. The seasonal difference on the average concentration for industrial sites is not statistically significant. The SD cases influence both PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations but their effect is significantly larger on PM 10 . Over the studied area, the effect is relatively limited on long-term average PM 10 (estimated increase of 3.2%) and PM 2.5 (estimated increase of 1.5%) concentrations but it OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2014, 5 436 is significant on daily concentrations. It is estimated an increase of 22% of the probability to overcome the air quality standard daily threshold for PM 10 .

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Section: Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 and Their Metals Content in Different Typologies of Sites in South-Eastern Italy

et al. 2014

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“…In the present study, Ti was selected as the reference element, C crust element and C crust reference were set as the average background values of target elements (0.056-24200 g g −1 ) and Ti (2900 g g −1 ) in surface soils in Guangdong Province, respectively [29]. EF <10, 10-20, and >20 indicate natural, mixed natural and anthropogenic, and anthropogenic sources, respectively, for the target metal [30]. The EF values in the present study were slightly greater in fine particles (D p < 1.8 m) than in coarse particles (D p > 1.8 m) at the three different sampling heights (Fig.…”

Section: Occurrence and Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals

Huang

Bao

Luo

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

162

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“…Results are shown in Table 3. We have used Al as reference element since soil is considered to be the major source of Al in aerosol and also commonly found in literature for urban sites (Cesari et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2014). Moreover, the EFs relative to Ti (Supplementary Material) have also been calculated and the deductions are basically the same as the ones obtained using Al as reference.…”

Section: Pm10 Concentration and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and potential sources of trace elements in PM10 monitored in urban and rural sites of Piedmont Region

et al. 2016

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The results on elemental composition of aerosol (PM10) sampled during 2011 in Piedmont region (Italy) are interpreted using meteorological data, Enrichment Factors (EF), chemometric processing by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA).Daily concentrations of about 30 elements were measured using HR-ICP-MS in five monitoring sites. A clear seasonal pattern, with higher concentrations in autumn and winter, was observed, particularly in the urban sites. Levels of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in most of the samples were within the limits imposed by the European legislation. Spatial differences in PM10 and metal concentrations were significant, with rural and urban sites showing different metal patterns, indicating different sources. K and Ca were used, respectively, as marker of biomass burning and industrial marker (cement plant); EFs showed that Ca was enriched just in one area and K was enriched only in the winter period considered and in some stations.Data analysis through PCA, FA and HCA allowed us to identify correlations among the investigated elements and similarities between sampling sites in order to individuate specific emission sources, such as non-exhaust vehicle emission. Keywords PiedmontTrace elements in PM10 Spatial variability Chemometric processingInductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

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Analysis of raw soils and their re-suspended PM10 fractions: Characterisation of source profiles and enrichment factors

Cited by 98 publications

References 57 publications

Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 and Their Metals Content in Different Typologies of Sites in South-Eastern Italy

Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 and Their Metals Content in Different Typologies of Sites in South-Eastern Italy

Potential health risk for residents around a typical e-waste recycling zone via inhalation of size-fractionated particle-bound heavy metals

Spatial distribution and potential sources of trace elements in PM10 monitored in urban and rural sites of Piedmont Region

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