Analysis of Reach-to-Grasp by School-Aged Children with Down Syndrome Elucidates Limitations in Upper Extremity Motor Control

Valvano, Joanne; Hogy, Sara; Worster, Kate; Ma, Julie; Denniston, Nancy L.; Winders, Patricia C.; Rapport, Mary Jane; Pan, Zhaoxing; Carollo, James

doi:10.1080/01942638.2016.1261979

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to the authors, this result is also directly associated with the reduced movement velocity commonly found as a compensatory pattern in DS. Moreover, even in cases for which the clinical evaluation is good, general joint stiffness during arm abduction contributes to poor coordination in individuals with DS, diminishing maximum and minimum joint angles (Valvano et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Xbox-Kinect Game Experience on Upper Limb Movement in Down Syndrome: A Case Report

Lopes

Miziara

Galli

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique used to enhance local synaptic efficacy and modulate the electrical activity of the cortex in neurological disorders. Researchers have sought to combine this type of stimulation with well-established therapeutic modalities, such as motor training involving Xbox Kinect games, which has demonstrated promising results. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether tDCS can enhance upper limb motor training in an eight-year-old child with Down Syndrome (DS) (cognitive age: five years, based on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). The evaluations consisted of three-dimensional analysis of upper limb kinematics during a reaching task performed before, after10 session, and one month after the intervention. The intervention protocol involved 1 20-min sessions of tDCS over the primary motor cortex at an intensity of 1 mA during Xbox Kinect game training involving an upper limb motor task. The analysis of the kinematic data revealed that in the pre-intervention evaluation, the dominant limb executed the task slowly and over a long path. These aspects improved at the post-intervention and follow-up evaluations, as demonstrated by the shorter total movement duration (3.05 vs. 1.58 vs. 1.52 s, respectively). Similar changes occurred with the non-dominant upper limb; a significant increase in movement velocity at the post-intervention and follow-up evaluations was observed (0.53 vs. 0.54 vs. 0.85 m/s, respectively). The present case report offers preliminary data from a protocol study, and the results confirm the notion that anodal tDCS combined with upper limb motor training leads to improvements in different kinematic variables.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Xbox-Kinect Game Experience on Upper Limb Movement in Down Syndrome: A Case Report

Lopes

Miziara

Galli

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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show abstract

“…Considering that movements in these conditions require the greatest muscular forces (i.e., impulses), the authors contend that those with Down syndrome had difficulties applying the appropriate forces at movement onset (and making adjustments using feedforward control), and that online feedback-based control (i.e., limb-target control) was insufficient to minimize endpoint variability. Results from similar studies showed greater hand-INSIGHTS ON LIMB CONTROL FROM VARIOUS SPECIAL POPULATIONS 11 object contact velocities in children with Down syndrome during a reach-to-grasp task (Valvano et al 2017) and increased movement times for people with Down syndrome in integrated one-arm reversal tasks (Reilly et al 2017), which are indicative of deficits in force specification and insufficient feedback-based online control.…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 92%

“…As in previous work, the limb trajectories of adults with Down syndrome were characterized by longer movement times, lower velocities and multiple velocity peaks. In addition, their trajectories were more curved than the trajectories of people without Down syndrome, reflecting a less efficient movement path (see also Valvano et al 2017). The young adults with Down syndrome were also more dependent on proximal than distal musculature to move their arms (i.e., greater movement at the trunk and less at the elbow; see also, Anson and Mawston 2000).…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 96%

The multiple process model of goal-directed aiming/reaching: insights on limb control from various special populations

et al. 2020

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Several years ago, our research group forwarded a model of goal-directed reaching and aiming that describes the processes involved in the optimization of speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure . One of the main features of the model is the distinction between early impulse control, which is based on a comparison of expected to perceived sensory consequences, and late limb-target control that involves a spatial comparison of limb and target position. Our model also emphasizes the importance of strategic behaviors that limit the opportunity for worst-case or inefficient outcomes. In the 2010 paper, we included a section on how our model can be used to understand atypical aiming/reaching movements in a number of special populations. In light of a recent empirical and theoretical update of our model (Elliott et al. 2017), here we consider contemporary motor control work involving typical aging, Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and tetraplegia with tendon transfer surgery. We outline how atypical limb control can be viewed within the context of the multiple process model of goal-directed reaching and aiming, and discuss the underlying perceptual-motor impairment that results in the adaptive solution developed by the specific group.

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The emergence of fine motor skills in children with Down syndrome

Needham

Nelson

Short

et al. 2021

International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Analysis of Reach-to-Grasp by School-Aged Children with Down Syndrome Elucidates Limitations in Upper Extremity Motor Control

Abstract: Motor control mechanisms that mediate both PP and execution of the fundamental RTG movement are potential factors limiting upper extremity activity in school-aged children with DS. They should be addressed in future intervention-based research.

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Xbox-Kinect Game Experience on Upper Limb Movement in Down Syndrome: A Case Report

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Xbox-Kinect Game Experience on Upper Limb Movement in Down Syndrome: A Case Report

The multiple process model of goal-directed aiming/reaching: insights on limb control from various special populations

The emergence of fine motor skills in children with Down syndrome

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