Analysis of red and yellow ochre samples from Clearwell Caves and Çatalhöyük by vibrational spectroscopy and other techniques

Raman analysis of ancient pigments on a tile from the Citadel of Algiers

“…10(a) shows a representative Raman spectrum collected from one of the red/brown particles and was identified as hematite (␣-Fe 2 O 3 ). Six of the seven hematite Raman active bands that are predicted by group theory (2A 1g + 5E g ) [43][44][45][46] at 226 cm −1 (A 1g ), 247 cm −1 (E g ), 292 cm −1 (E g ), 411 cm −1 (E g ), 607 cm −1 (E g ), 496 cm −1 (A 1g ), and the hematite's two magnon scattering band at 1330 cm −1 are observed ( Fig. 10(a)).…”

“…Hematite is often identified on a wide range of artifacts from all over the world as a result of its long history of use. For instance this form of iron oxide has been identified on archaeological pottery shards from sites in south Africa and a brown tea pot from China [47], in materials used for jewellery and mosaics excavated in El Djem (Tunisia) [48] and ochre samples excavated from neolithic sites at Catalhoyuk (Turkey) and Clearwell caves (UK) [46] as testimony to its long history of use at various localities around the world. It is generally one the most common of the red/brown inorganic pigments used especially during the time of construction of the Citadel of Algiers in 1516.…”

Prediction of soil organic matter content in a litchi orchard of South China using spectral indices

“…In addition, it is more adaptable to the requirement of realtime soil management and precision agriculture (Hummel et al, 2001;Maleki et al, 2008;Vasques and Grunwald, 2008). The main factors that influence soil spectra in the VNIR region include soil minerals composition (such as clay materials [Viscarra Rossel et al, 2006], iron bearing materials [Mortimore et al, 2004], and carbonates [Hunt and Salisbury, 1970]), soil moisture (Mouazen et al, 2006), soil surface (such as the color and particle size [Dunn et al, 2002;Barthes et al, 2008]), and SOM . The interaction between SOM content and spectral data forms the basis for SOM spectral models.…”

Análise arqueométrica de pintura rupestre do sítio Poções, Bahia, Brasil

“…O espectro infravermelho (figura 7) reve lo u um a ba nd a de vi br aç ão de estiramento OH à~3422 cm -1 e bandas car act erís ticas de hem atita em 460 e 514 cm -1 , além de um ombro próximo de 909 cm -1 e uma banda em 798 cm -1 , assinaturas de goethita (Marshall et al, 2005;Mortimore et al, 2004). …”