Analysis of regional economic development based on land use and land cover change information derived from Landsat imagery

Abstract

consistent means for monitoring economic activities 22-25. The initial purpose of the DMSP/OLS, however, was to observe the clouds illuminated by moonlight, and the night-time light imagery was a by-product of the data under cloud-free conditions 26-30. Consequently, there remain some limitations when using NTL data: (1) Underestimation of economic activities that emit less or no additional night-time light, and in the potentially serious measurement errors of gross domestic product (GDP) growth, particularly in developing and emerging economies, the growth is more likely to be underestimated 31-33. (2) As the most important NTL data, DMSP-OLS data are provided by multiple DMSP satellites, and the fact that NTL data from different satellites in different years cannot be directly compared due to lack of onboard calibration is likely to be the main obstacle to a time-series analysis 34-37. (3) The DMSP-OLS NTL data provided by the NGDC have a geographic grid resolution of 30 arc seconds and a grid cell size that is approximately 0.86 km 2 at the equator 16. Therefore, the probability of multiple ground objects belonging to the same pixel is large, which affects the accuracy of economic activity evaluation 38. Generally, satellite remote-sensing missions are originally designed to monitor the physical environment of the Earth, for which the mapping of LUCC information is one of the most important applications 39,40. LUCC information is usually associated with and mainly driven by socioeconomic factors and is also a direct reflection of economic activities 41-43. It is well documented that the relationship between economic growth and LUCC information is not a one-way effect, but rather a complex relationship of interactions 44,45. On the one hand, economic activities have profoundly changed the surface morphology of the Earth. Moreover, with economic development and population increase, land use changes have accelerated sharply, and the land cover pattern changes have become more and more significant. On the other hand, the variation process of land use and land cover has significant impacts on economy. As the foundation for economic activities, land is an indispensable production factor for economic development, and the input of land resources plays an important role in promoting economic growth 34,46,47. Thus, in the coordinated process of LUCC information and economic development, changes in economic activity intensity can be reflected through LUCC information. Remotely-sensed image can intuitively and comprehensively reflect the dynamics of land use and land cover, and the types, quantities and locations of LUCC information can be obtained via classification technology from remotely-sensed image. Normal multispectral optical satellite data with various spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions have been extensively applied in investigations of LUCC information and its driving mechanism of socioeconomic factors 44,48. However, economic indicators for assessing economic development have rarely been connected to LU...

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