Analysis of residual ionic liquids in environmental samples: Development of extraction methods

Nichthauser, Joanna; Mrozik, Wojciech; Markowska, Aleksandra; Stepnowski, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.086

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Recently, our research group developed an extraction method for the analysis of residual IL imidazolium cations in environmental solid and aqueous samples 16–18. The best recoveries of ILs from soils were achieved using methanol saturated with ammonium chloride.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biobutanediols by the Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol

et al. 2012

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The hydrogenolysis of erythritol using an Ir-ReO(x)/SiO(2) catalyst was performed for the production of butanediols, which are widely used as a raw material of polymers. The activity and selectivity to butanediols on Ir-ReO(x)/SiO(2) was much higher than that on conventional hydrogenolysis catalysts. The maximum selectivity to 1,4- and 1,3-butanediols reached 33 and 12 % at 74 % conversion, respectively. The erythritol conversion and selectivity to butanediols was almost maintained during four repeating tests if small amounts of acid were added to the reaction and the catalyst was calcined again. The reaction kinetics, reactivity trends, and characterization results indicate a direct hydrogenolysis mechanism in which the hydride species on the Ir metal surface attacks the alkoxide species on the 3D ReO(x) clusters. Based on the production of erythritol by the fermentation of glucose and glycerol, erythritol hydrogenolysis may be a promising pathway for the production of biobutanediols.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biobutanediols by the Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol

et al. 2012

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“…The [C 8 mim]Cl in the artificial soil was extracted by extraction solution (90% methanol and 10% saturated ammonium chloride solution) and Na 2 EDTA (1 g L −1 ) according to Nichthauser et al's method. The sample was vortexed for 1 min, sonicated for 1 h, and shaken for 2 h (160 rpm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Guo

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ionic liquids also known as "green solvents," are used in many fields. However, the dispersion of ionic liquids in soil systems is likely to cause damage to soil organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8 mim]Cl) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). For this purpose, earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of [C8 mim]Cl (0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg artificial soil) and sampled at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. The results indicated that [C8 mim]Cl could cause an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in earthworms, even at the lowest concentration (5 mg/kg). Compared with the controls, during the [C8 mim]Cl exposure period, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased and then increased, whereas the activities of peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased. These changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and GST indicated that [C8 mim]Cl could induce oxidative damage in earthworms. The malondialdehyde content was increased by high levels of [C8 mim]Cl at 14 d and 28 d, indicating that [C8 mim]Cl could lead to lipid peroxidation in earthworms. In addition, the degree of DNA damage significantly increased with increasing [C8 mim]Cl concentrations and exposure time. The present study shows that [C8 mim]Cl caused biochemical and genetic toxicity in earthworms.

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“…Most common methods for the identification and determination of ILs and their degradation products are based on a sample treatment (e.g. extraction) followed by analysis with gas chromatography and HPLC techniques, usually in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) [16,17] or using HPLC coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) [18]. However, all these procedures usually require sample pretreatment and are very time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical techniques applied to monitoring the electro-Fenton degradation of aromatic imidazolium-based ionic liquids

et al. 2018

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In this study, the degradation of the ionic liquid (IL) 1,3-dicyclohexylbenzimidazolium chloride ([DCy6bim][Cl]) was carried out by applying an heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) treatment using iron alginate spheres (FeAS) as catalyst. Initial trials were performed at current between 50 and 250 mA, different FeAS dosages (1-5 g), and [DCy6bim][Cl] concentrations (70-280 mg L −1 ) as key parameters for the characterization of the HEF process. Comparative experiments suggest that high current, low FeAS dosage and low [DCy6bim][Cl] concentration are the best conditions to yield near complete total organic carbon decay after 4 h. In order to evaluate the catalyst behaviour and iron leaching during the degradation of [DCy6bim][Cl], differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), a sensitive and selective electroanalytical technique, was used to monitor the IL degradation, by-products and iron evolution into the solution at high concentration levels. The profile of the voltammetric curves obtained by DPV suggests almost complete cleavage of the cation structure of [DCy6bim][Cl] during the first 120 min. At longer treatment times, DPV revealed the generation of iron complex with chloride and carboxylic acids. Finally, chromatographic analysis of these carboxylic acids and inorganic anions permitted to validate the results obtained by DPV and demonstrated the feasibility of the HEF process for IL degradation.Paper submitted to the "Special Issue of 10th World Congress on Chemical Engineering (WCCHE02)" for consideration by Journal of Applied Electrochemistry.

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Analysis of residual ionic liquids in environmental samples: Development of extraction methods

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Production of Biobutanediols by the Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol

Production of Biobutanediols by the Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol

Biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Electroanalytical techniques applied to monitoring the electro-Fenton degradation of aromatic imidazolium-based ionic liquids

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