Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes—Related Maxillofacial Injuries Severity and Concomitant Injuries in 201 Patients Seen at the UCH, Ibadan

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of road traffic crashes (RTC)-related maxillofacial injuries, the concomitant injuries occurring with them, and to assess the relationship between the severity of maxillofacial and concomitant injuries. This was a prospective study involving 201 victims of RTC seen at the Accident and Emergency Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan with maxillofacial injuries during the study period. Demographic data of the patients, the types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries sustained were recorded. Severity of maxillofacial injury was determined using the maxillofacial injury severity scale (MFISS), while the severity of concomitant injuries was based on the ISS. Correlations between types and severity of maxillofacial injury and types and severity of concomitant injury were conducted to determine the predictability of concomitant injuries based on maxillofacial injury severity. Data were processed using SPSS Statistical software (SPSS, version 20.0 for windows, IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Maxillofacial injuries constituted 25.4% of RTC-related admission by the Accident and Emergency Department. A total of 151 (75.1%) patients who presented with concomitant injuries participated in the study. Eighty-one (53.6%) sustained injuries to more than one body region. Head injury was the commonest (99, 65.6%) concomitant injury, followed by orthopedic injury (69, 45.7%). Increasing severity of maxillofacial injury showed a positive correlation with increasing ISS. Also, positive correlation was noted with increasing severity of maxillofacial injury and presence of polytrauma (p = 0.01), traumatic brain injury (p = 0.034), and eye injuries (p = 0.034). There was a high prevalence of maxillofacial injuries in victims of RTC. There was a high incidence of concomitant injuries noted with these maxillofacial injuries. Significantly, this study showed a direct relationship between the severity of maxillofacial injury and head, ocular and polytrauma. This study further emphasizes the need for thorough examination of patients presenting with RTC-related maxillofacial injuries.

An overview of the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in the south of Iran

“…Associated injuries are frequently observed between patients who have suffered from maxillofacial injuries and are correlated with trauma mechanism and severe facial fractures (30). The current results are consistent with the findings of the studies conducted by Alves et al (7), and Aladelusi et al (31) demonstrating that most injuries associated with maxillofacial were head injuries.…”

Maxillofacial injuries in severely injured patients after road traffic accidents—a retrospective evaluation of the TraumaRegister DGU® 1993–2014

“…However, some investigations have suggested that the facial skeleton may actually transmit forces directly to the neurocranium, resulting in serious brain injury. An association between injury to the upper and midfacial skeleton and varying severity of brain injury had been suggested [29,30]. In accordance, at the latest in the trauma room, the entire patient must be re-evaluated in a priority-oriented manner in order not to endanger him or her due to initially unrecognised or underestimated injuries [31].…”

Clinical Profile of Orbital Fractures with Special Reference to Blow Out Fractures

“…The complications of orbital fractures are primarily ophthalmic in nature and include aesthetic deformities such as enophthalmos, hypohthalmos as well as functional deficits such as diplopia and loss of vision. (1) Thus, ophthalmologists play a key role in the evaluation and management of orbital fractures. Early intervention in cases requiring repair, offers the best opportunity for improved aesthetic and functional results.…”