Analysis of Selected Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust in Khorramabad City, Iran: A Case Study

Abstract

Background: Indoor dust as a significant source of pollution in the urban environment can cause serious ecological and health problems. Therefore, the current study has been conducted to determine the Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Nickel contamination in house dust in the city of Khorramabad in 2017. Methods: A total of 80 samples of indoor dust were collected from 20 regions of the study area. After sample digestion, the content of metals was determined using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).

Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through Exposure to the Household Dust (Case Study: City of Khorramabad, Iran)

“…However, the results of another study showed that the mean content of Ni (mg/kg) in household dust collected from China was 34.60 and 40.00, respectively (11,13). The presence of Ni in analyzed samples may result from the lubricants corrosion of cars, engine wear, tire abrasion, and brake dust (28,49). Also, the petrochemical activities or geological backgrounds may be known as the potential pollution sources of this element in indoor dust samples of study area (28).…”

“…The results showed that the highest mean concentration of Cd (15.95 mg/kg) was found in the station with heavy traffic volume. This could be due to the corrosion of the brake lining and automotive emissions (28,41) contributing to indoor contamination of heavy metals in the city of Khorranabad. Considering the content of heavy metals in indoor dust, the results of another study showed that the mean concentration of Cd (mg/kg) in household dust collected from Guangzhou was 0.43 (2).…”

“…It has been shown that chromium is a renal, neurological, and developmental toxicant at certain contents (42). Welding, polishing, and grinding of stainless steel are known as the main sources of discharge of this element to the environment (28). Based on the results, the highest mean content of Cr (21.90 mg/kg) was found in the station with heavy traffic density.…”

“…The presence of Ni in analyzed samples may result from the lubricants corrosion of cars, engine wear, tire abrasion, and brake dust (28,49). Also, the petrochemical activities or geological backgrounds may be known as the potential pollution sources of this element in indoor dust samples of study area (28). The results of the hazard quotient values of different exposure routes and health index of the analyzed elements in the dust samples from the city of Khorramabad are presented in Table 2.…”

Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Concentrations in Floor Dust Samples in Southeast Texas Households

“…Children are the most vulnerable group affected by exposure to heavy metals in dust [ 7 ] because of frequent hand-to-mouth movement and crawling on the floor. In humans, bioaccumulation of Cd causes kidney injuries, tumors and hepatic dysfunction, poor reproductive capacity, and hypertension [ 11 ], while As causes cardiovascular disease, skin cancer, developmental anomalies, neurologic, neurobehavioral, and hematologic disorders [ 12 ]. Accumulation of Cr affects the respiratory tract [ 13 ] while Pb toxicity can affect nearly every organ and system in the body, slows growth, causes anemic seizures, and behavioral and learning difficulties in children [ 14 ].…”