Analysis of Semiparametric Regression Models for Repeated Outcomes in the Presence of Missing Data

Robins, James M.; Rotnitzky, Andrea; Zhao, Lue Ping

doi:10.2307/2291134

Cited by 446 publications

(583 citation statements)

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“…The median duration of breastfeeding in Malawi is 23 months and only few children were still breast-fed beyond our follow-up duration [24]. A strength of our study is that we adjusted our estimates for HIV transmission to take into account unobserved HIV test results from children lost to follow-up or not tested, and that we thus could estimate the cumulative incidence of HIV infection for all children enrolled in the PMTCT programme [19,20]. Our study also has several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV transmission and retention in care among HIV‐exposed children enrolled in Malawi's prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programme

Haas

Oosterhout

Tenthani

et al. 2017

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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Introduction: In Malawi, HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women are offered lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of CD4 count or clinical stage (Option B+). Their HIV-exposed children are enrolled in the national prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme, but many are lost to follow-up. We estimated the cumulative incidence of vertical HIV transmission, taking loss to follow-up into account. Methods: We abstracted data from HIV-exposed children enrolled into care between September 2011 and June 2014 from patient records at 21 health facilities in central and southern Malawi. We used competing risk models to estimate the probability of loss to follow-up, death, ART initiation and discharge, and used pooled logistic regression and inverse probability of censoring weighting to estimate the vertical HIV transmission risk. Results: A total of 11,285 children were included; 9285 (82%) were born to women who initiated ART during pregnancy. At age 30 months, an estimated 57.9% (95% CI 56.6–59.2) of children were lost to follow-up, 0.8% (0.6–1.0) had died, 2.6% (2.3–3.0) initiated ART, 36.5% (35.2–37.9) were discharged HIV-negative and 2.2% (1.5–2.8) continued follow-up. We estimated that 5.3% (95% CI 4.7–5.9) of the children who enrolled were HIV-infected by the age of 30 months, but only about half of these children (2.6%; 95% CI 2.3–2.9) were diagnosed. Conclusions: Confirmed mother-to-child transmission rates were low, but due to poor retention only about half of HIV-infected children were diagnosed. Tracing of children lost to follow-up and HIV testing in outpatient clinics should be scaled up to ensure that all HIV-positive children have access to early ART.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used inverse probability of censoring weighting to account for HIV infections that would have been observed if all children who enrolled were retained in care and tested according to the guidelines [19,20]. In the weighted analysis, children who were not tested were represented by children who had similar characteristics and were tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV transmission and retention in care among HIV‐exposed children enrolled in Malawi's prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programme

Haas

Oosterhout

Tenthani

et al. 2017

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…Stratification, regression or matching can be used for such purpose. In our analysis, we adopt the Double-Robust (DR) estimator (Bang and Robins, 2005;Robins, Rotnitzky and Zhao, 1995;Lunceford and Davidian, 2004) as defined in the implementation of Emsley et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of Universal Health Coverage on health care consumption and risky behaviours: evidence from Thailand

Ghislandi

Manachotphong

Perego

2014

HEPL

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Thailand is among one of the first non OECD countries to have successfully introduced a form of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in 2002. This policy defines a natural experiment for the evaluation of the effects of public health insurance on health behaviours. In the present paper, we look at the impact of the Thai UHC on preventive activities, risky behaviours and healthcare consumption using data from the 1996, 2001 and 2003 Health and Welfare Survey of Thailand. We use double robust estimators combining propensity scores and linear regressions to estimate Difference-in-Differences (DD) and Difference in DD (DDD) models. Results offer important insights. First, previously uninsured men and women increased their preventive activities (check-ups) more than any other groups. At the same time, there is no evidence of either an increase in risky behaviours or a reduction of preventive efforts by the newly insured population. In other words, we find no evidence of ex ante moral hazard. Regarding healthcare consumption, we see that hospital admissions increased by 2% and outpatient visits increased by 13% due to the UHC. Overall, these findings imply positive health impacts among the Thai population who entered in the UHC.

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“…For all analyses, p<.05 was considered significant. In intention-to-treat analyses, change over time was assessed with generalized linear models with inference based on generalized estimating equations (GEEs) (32). To test the assumption that data were missing completely at random (MCAR), logistic modeling was performed to determine whether missing assessment data depended on individual patients’ observed responses in previous assessments (Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Women With Sexual Abuse Histories

Talbot¹,

Chaudron²,

Ward³

et al. 2011

Psychiatric Services

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Objectives Many depressed women seen in community mental health centers (CMHCs) have histories of childhood sexual abuse and are economically disadvantaged. Randomized trials are needed to test the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions in this population and setting. This study compared interpersonal psychotherapy with usual care psychotherapy among women in a CMHC. Methods Among 1,100 women seeking treatment in a CMHC, 230 (21%) had major depression and histories of childhood sexual abuse. Seventy women with major depression and sexual abuse before age 18 were randomly assigned to interpersonal psychotherapy (N=37) or usual care psychotherapy (N=33). Staff clinicians provided all treatments. Participants were assessed at study entry and at ten, 24, and 36 weeks after random assignment. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine change over time. Results Compared with women assigned to usual care, women who received interpersonal psychotherapy had greater reductions in depressive symptoms (Hamilton Rating Scale, p=.05, d=.34; Beck Depression Inventory–II, p=.01, d=.29), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (p=.04, d=.76), and shame (p=.002, d=.38). Interpersonal psychotherapy and usual care yielded comparable improvements in social and mental health–related functioning. Conclusions Interpersonal psychotherapy compared favorably to usual care psychotherapy in a CMHC in improving psychiatric symptoms and reducing shame among sexually abused women. However, there is a critical need for continued research to develop more effective treatments for the social and psychiatric sequelae of interpersonal trauma and socioeconomic disadvantage.

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Analysis of Semiparametric Regression Models for Repeated Outcomes in the Presence of Missing Data

Cited by 446 publications

References 0 publications

HIV transmission and retention in care among HIV‐exposed children enrolled in Malawi's prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programme

HIV transmission and retention in care among HIV‐exposed children enrolled in Malawi's prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programme

The impact of Universal Health Coverage on health care consumption and risky behaviours: evidence from Thailand

A Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Women With Sexual Abuse Histories

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