Analysis of Serum Cytokines and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of SOD1, SOD2, and CAT in Erysipelas Patients

Abstract

Increased free radical production had been documented in group A (β-hemolytic) streptococcus infection cases. Comparing 71 erysipelas patients to 55 age-matched healthy individuals, we sought for CAT, SOD1, and SOD2 single polymorphism mutation (SNPs) interactions with erysipelas' predisposition and serum cytokine levels in the acute and recovery phases of erysipelas infection. Whereas female patients had a higher predisposition to erysipelas, male patients were prone to having a facial localization of the infection. The presence of SOD1 G7958, SOD2 T2734, and CAT C262 alleles was linked to erysipelas' predisposition. T and C alleles of SOD2 T2734C individually were linked to patients with bullous and erythematous erysipelas, respectively. G and A alleles of SOD1 G7958A individually were associated with lower limbs and higher body part localizations of the infection, respectively. Serum levels of IL-1β, CCL11, IL-2Rα, CXCL9, TRAIL, PDGF-BB, and CCL4 were associated with symptoms accompanying the infection, while IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, G-CSF, and VEGF were associated with predisposition and recurrence of erysipelas. While variations of IL-1β, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, CCL5, and HGF were associated with the SOD2 T2734C SNP, variations of PDFG-BB and CCL2 were associated with the CAT C262T SNP.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) maintained the stemness of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) during long-term expansion by preserving mitochondrial function via the PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways

“…We also confirmed that HGF and SCF increased the expression of mitochondrial-associated proteins, Catalase and SOD2, via activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which have antiapoptotic roles and regulate the apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl and Bax [38]. HGF and SCF modulated the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway [39,40], effectively promoting the timely removal of excessive ROS in cells, reducing mitochondrial damage, and delaying cellular senescence. In addition, HGF and SCF can promote the self-renewal capacity of MSCs by regulating the expression of the cell cycle-related protein, p21, and the stemness markers, Nanog and OCT4, through the STAT3 pathway [41,42].…”

Recurrent erysipelas of the face with hyperimmune reaction to group C streptococcus

“…Our observation, as well as two other reports, suggests that recurrent erysipelas can be considered as inflammatory reactions able to fight invasive infections efficiently in the context of specific host genetic factors. Those observations can be related to published evidence of host factors modulating free radical and cytokine production, and linkage studies in families with recurrent erysipelas …”

A HGF Mutation in the Familial Case of Primary Lymphedema: A Report

“…Interestingly, other studies also show a connection between HGF and erysipelas, which is a recurrent feature in the affected individuals in this family. It was demonstrated [20] that patients carrying the SOD2 C2734T mutation, which is associated with an increased susceptibility to erysipelas, had lower serum HGF levels compared to those with the wildtype SOD2 gene. This may hint at the link between HGF and erysipelas, but a lot more data is needed to support that link.…”